摘要
为了解配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚肌肉营养成分的影响，采用生化分析方法对配合饲料和活饵料喂养刀鲚的肌肉进行营养成分分析，并对营养品质进行分析与比较。试验设2个组，即投喂配合饲料的配合饲料组和投喂活体糠虾的仔虾、幼虾和幼体以及桡足类的活饵料组，每组设有3个重复，每个重复300尾刀鲚幼鱼（体长80．0～100．0 mm、体重2．0～3．0 g）。试验从2012年6月10日开始至2012年12月5日结束。结果表明：配合饲料组的肌肉水分含量（75．53％）显著高于活饵料组（68．22％）（P＜0．05），而粗脂肪含量（4．60％）显著低于活饵料组（11．23％）（P＜0．05），粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量2组之间没有显著差异（P＞0．05）。在检测到的18种氨基酸中，有10种氨基酸（丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸）的含量为配合饲料组显著高于活饵料组（P＜0．05），其余8种氨基酸（天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸、胱氨酸）的含量2组之间没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；配合饲料组的氨基酸总量（TAA）、必需氨基酸（EAA）、半必需氨基酸（ HEAA）、非必需氨基酸（ NEAA）和鲜味氨基酸（ DAA）占肌肉干重百分含量均显著高于活饵料组（P＜0．05），但由于肌肉水分含量的不同，这些指标换算为占肌肉鲜重百分含量后2组间则没有显著差异（ P＞0．05）；配合饲料组的肌肉EAA与TAA、EAA与NEAA以及DAA与TAA的比率与活饵料组也均没有显著差异（P＞0．05），但配合饲料组的肌肉必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）（56．96）显著高于活饵料组（45．49）（P＜0．05）。配合饲料组的肌肉饱和脂肪酸（SFA）相对百分含量（31．24％）显著高于活饵料组（29．40％）（P＜0．05），多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）相对百分含量在2组之间则没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；配合饲料组的肌肉n-6 PUFA相对百分含量（4．24％）显著高于活饵料组（1．35％）（P＜0．05），导致配合饲料组的n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA（2．34）显著低于活饵料组（8．85）（P＜0．05）。由此得出，配合饲料喂养的刀鲚肌肉蛋白质品质略优于活饵料喂养的刀鲚，但其肌肉粗脂肪含量较低，建议提高配合饲料中粗脂肪含量，优化脂肪酸组成。
In order to understand the effects of formulated feed and live feed on muscle nutrient components of Coilia nasus, the nutrient components of muscle from juvenile Coilia nasus fed formulated feed and live feed were analyzed by biochemical analysis method, and the nutritional quality was analyzed and compared.There were 2 groups in the experiment, one was formulated feed group in which the fish were fed formulated feed, the other was live feed group in which the fish were fed post larvae, juvenile prawn and larvae of living mysid shrimp and copepods.Each group had 3 replicates and each replicate had 300 juvenile Coilia nasus （ body length, 80.0 to 100.0 mm;body weight, 2.0 to 3.0 g）.The experiment was from the beginning of June 10, 2012 to the ending of December 5, 2012.The results showed as follows：the muscle moisture content of for-mulated feed group （75.53%） was significantly higher than that of live feed group （68.22%） （P〈0.05）, while the muscle ether extract content of formulated feed group （4.60%） was significantly lower than that of live feed group （11.23%） （P〈0.05）.No significant differences in the contents of crude protein and ash in muscle were found between two groups （ P〉0 .05 ） .A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were found in muscle from two groups, there were no significant differences in the contents of 8 kinds of amino acids （ aspartate, threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, tryptophane and cystine ） between two groups （ P 〉0.05）, while in another 10 kinds of amino acids （serine, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine and proline） , the contents of formulated feed group were significantly higher than those of live feed group （P〈0.05）.The percentage contents of total amino acid （TAA）, essential ami-no acid （ EAA） , half-essential amino acid （ HEAA） , non-essential amino acid （ NEAA） and delicious amino＆amp;nbsp;acid （ DAA） in dry muscle of formulated feed group were significantly higher than those of live feed group （P〈0.05）, while, because of the different moisture contents of fresh muscle, there were no significant differences in the percentage contents of these indices in fresh muscle between two groups （ P〉0 .05 ） .There were no significant differences in the ratios of EAA/TAA, EAA/NEAA and DAA/TAA between two groups （P〉0.05）, while the muscle essential amino acid index （EAAI） of formulated feed group （56.96） was sig-nificantly higher than that of live feed group （ 45 .49 ） （ P〈0 .05 ） .The relative percentage content of saturat-ed fatty acid （ SFA） of formulated feed group （31.24%） was significantly higher than that of live feed group （29.40%） （P〈0.05）, while there were no significant differences in the relative percentage contents of poly-unsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） and mono-unsaturated fatty acid （ MUFA） between two groups （ P〈0.05）. The relative percentage content of n-6 PUFA of formulated feed group （ 4 .24%） was significantly higher than that of live feed group （1.35%） （ P 〈0.05）, which led to the n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA of formulated feed group （2.34） was significantly lower than that of live feed group （8.85） （P〈0.05）.The results indicate that the muscle protein quality of Coilia nasus fed formulated feed is slightly better than that of Coilia nasus fed live feed, but the muscle ether extract content of juvenile Coilia nasus fed formulated feed is lower.So, we suggest to increase the crude fat content and to optimize the fatty acid composition in formulated feed.
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期427-436,共10页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
上海市科学技术委员会重点科技攻关项目(11391901300)
科技部与上海市共同推进重大任务科研专项(12DZ1909302)
上海长江口主要经济水生动物人工繁育工程技术研究中心(13DZ2251800)
关键词
刀鲚
饲料
肌肉
营养成分
氨基酸
脂肪酸
Coilia nasus
feed
muscle
nutrient component
amino acid
fatty acid
