摘要
自顺治十八年(1661年)底始,清政府陆续对贵州地区的卫所进行"州县化"裁撤归并。贵州卫所的裁撤,一方面促使军事卫所向地方府、州、县行政合流,从而影响了清代贵州行政区划的改制与重建;另一方面又涉及地方社会的诸多变动。在此过程中,屯田迁改、屯赋划一等问题的处置最为关键,体现出明清卫所民化问题的复杂性与深刻性。本文重点探讨清代贵州卫所裁撤后的屯田处置问题,并对卫所屯田的赋额变动、屯田买卖以及国家应对等相关问题进行论述。随着清代卫所屯田归并于州县,原本高额的屯赋却未能随着军田民地化的过程与地方州县赋税实现均等划一,屯赋数倍于民田科则的局面一直有所残存,屯田与民田、屯地与民地之间的差异引发的屯赋征收不合理成为困扰官民的一大难题。伴随着屯田买卖的出现与发展,虽然国家严厉禁止私下典售,但军屯土地私有逐步得到法律认可,屯田的真正"民化"之势已不可遏制。
Abstract： During the reform in military administrative system in Guizhou, which was implemented in the 18th year of the Shunzhi reign in the Qing dynasty （1661）, former military divisions of wei and suo had been abolished and incorporated into local administrative units. The reform had an impact on the administrative divisions in Guizhou and caused changes in local societies in many ways. The transfer of garrison troops＇ land and readjustment in taxation in particular reflect the complexity of this reform. This paper studies the taxation and trade of former garrison troops＇ land and related government policies. After the reform, high tax was still imposed on former garrison troops＇ land and remained several times higher than that on private land. Inappropriate taxation had caused big social problems. Although the government prohibited private trade of former garrison troops＇ land, its privatization had been gradually accepted as legal.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第3期110-123,共14页
Journal of National Museum of China
关键词
清前期
贵州
卫所裁撤
屯田处置
Early Qing dynasty
Guizhou
abolishment of wei and suo
garrison troops＇ land
