摘要
宋代官方的救荒措施,可分为赈济、赈贷和赈粜。赈济主要是对大灾、特大灾年导致流离失所的流民和灾歉时城乡贫困户及鳏寡孤独病残人群的救助措施;赈贷一般多是在灾害发生后的恢复阶段,在这一阶段如是冬春青黄不接之际,受灾民众的生产和生活难以为继而需要救助;赈粜是通过平抑粮价达到救助灾民的一种方法,亦即常平法的基本职能,其对象主要是家中无粮食积蓄的下层民众。赈济、赈贷和赈粜的粮食来源,属中小灾的,一般由州级路级地方官府主持,从常平仓和义仓调拨粮食,或置场籴买。大灾、特大灾则主要由中央官府调集粮食和筹措资金。
T he authoritative famine relief measures in the Song Dynasty can be divided into Zhenji , Zhendai and Zhentiao . Zhenji mainly aimed at refugees w ho became destitute and homeless in massive disasters as well as urban and rural residents in poverty , widowers , widows , orphans and childless couples in bad harvest . Zhendai was generally issued in recovery period after disasters , for example , between two harvests , food shortage made it difficult for people to produce and live . Zhentiao was a measure of stabilizing the price of grain to succor victims , which was also the fundamental function of Changpingfa ,as mainly targeted the unwashed mass without grain savings . Generally speaking , local government was in charge of the food source of Zhenji , Zhendai and Zhentiao after medium and minimal disasters , by allotting grain from Changpingcang and Yicang or buying food in market w hile central government assembled grain and raised money when massive and tremendous disaster came .
出处
《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第1期21-27,共7页
Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"宋朝应对自然灾害的危机管理与历史经验研究"(10AZS006)
关键词
宋代
救荒
赈济
赈贷
赈粜
Song Dynasty
famine relief
Zhenji
Zhendai
Zhentiao
