摘要
目的了解浙江省台州市常住儿童(本地及流动儿童)扩大国家免疫规划(national immunization program,NIP)疫苗接种现状。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,全市9个县(市、区)随机抽取63个乡镇、126个村实际调查1954名本地儿童,入户开展问卷调查疫苗接种情况;随机选择流动人口聚集地实际调查256名流动儿童,面对面问卷调查疫苗接种情况。结果调查儿童建证(卡)率为99.95%。NIP基础免疫:1剂卡介苗(bacillus calmette-guerin,BCG)、3剂口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(oral polio myelitis attenuated live vaccine,OPV)、3剂白喉破伤风百日咳(百白破)联合疫苗(diphtheria tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine,DTP)、1剂含麻疹成分疫苗(measles containing vaccine,MCV)接种率均>95%,3剂乙型病毒性肝炎疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine,HepB)接种率均>90%,五苗基础免疫全程免疫接种率为96.56%;NIP加强免疫:第4剂OPV(OPV4)、DTP(DTP4)、第2剂MCV(MCV2)和白破疫苗(tetanus and diphtheria toxoid childrens'dose vaccine,DT)接种率,除路桥区和仙居县外,其他县(市、区)接种率均>90%;NIP新增疫苗A群脑膜炎多糖疫苗(group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MAPA)接种率,除三门县外,其他县(市)区均>80%;流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)疫苗(Japanese encephalitis vaccine,JEV)接种率,除路桥区、仙居县和三门县外,其他县(市)区均>80%;甲型病毒性肝炎疫苗(hepatitis A vaccine,HepA)接种率均>90%;A+C群脑膜炎多糖疫苗(group A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MAP-A+C)接种率较低,全市2剂次接种率分别为87.19%和49.45%,且各县(市、区)接种率相差较大。NIP基础免疫BCG、OPV1、OPV3和DTP3,加强免疫OPV4、DTP4和MCV2及NIP新增疫苗流脑疫苗(MPV-A1-2和MPV-A+C1)和乙脑疫苗(JEV1-2),不同年龄组间差异均有统计学意义,呈现随年龄增加接种率降低的现象。NIP基础免疫BCG、DTP2、HepB1-2、HepB1和MCV1及时率,加强免疫MCV2、DTP4及NIP新增疫苗JEV2、MPV-A+C1-2,本地儿童与流动儿童间差异有统计学意义,本地儿童接种率高于流动儿童。结论 NIP非新增疫苗基础免疫和加强免疫均维持较高水平,但NIP新增疫苗接种率相对偏低。NIP非新增疫苗加强免疫和新增疫苗在不同年龄间和不同户籍儿童间差异有统计学意义,随年龄的增加,接种率呈现降低的趋势以及本地儿童接种率高于流动儿童的现象。
Objective To understand the coverage of national immunization program （NIP） among local children and floating children in Taizhou, Zhejiang province. Methods Household questionnaire survey was conducted among 1954 local children selected by stratified cluster sampling in 126 villages in 63 townships in 9 counties. An face to face questionnaire survey was conducted among 256 floating children randomly selected in floating population living areas. Results The rate of vaccination certificate handling was 99. 95%. The coverage rates of 1 dose of bacillus calmette-guerin （ BCG）, 3 doses of oral polio vaccine （ OPV）, 3 doses of diphtheria tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine （ DTP3 ）, the coverage of 1st dose of measles-containing vaccine （MCV） were above 95% and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine （HepB） above 90%. The coverage of full vaccinations of all the five vaccines was 96. 56%. The coverage rates of the fourth dose of OPV and DTP,the 2nd dose of MCV and DT were all above 90% except those in Luqiao and Xianju. The coverage rates of group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine （MAP-A） newly included in NIP were all above 80% except that in Sanmen. The coverage rates of Japanese encephalitis vaccine （JEV） were above 80% except those in Luqiao, Xianju and Sanmen. The coverage rates of hepatitis A vaccine （HepA） were all above 90%. The coverage rates of both the 1 st and 2＂d dose of group A ＋ C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine （ MAP-A ＋ C） were low, only 87.19% and 49.45% respectively and there were significant differences among different counties. The age specific differences in coverage rates of BCG, 1st dose OPV, 3rd dose OPVand 3rd dose DTP, in booster coverage rates of 4th dose OPV, 4th dose DTP and 2^rd dose MCV and in coverage rates of 2 dose MAP-A, 1 dose MAP-A ＋ C and 2 dose JEV among different age groups bad statistical significance. The differences in coverage rates of BCG, 2＂d dose DTP, 2 dose HepB, 2^rd dose MCV, 4 dose DTP, 2 dose JEV and 2 dose MAP-A ＋ C and timely of immunization rate of 1 ^st dose HepB and 1 st dose MCV between local and floating children were statistical significant, and the coverage rates in local children were higher than those in floating children. Conclusion The coverage rates of basic immunization and booster immunization of the vaccines routinely used remained at higher level, but the coverage rates of the vaccines newly included in NIP were relatively low. The differences in the coverage of booster immunization of routinely used vaccines and the vaccines newly included in NIP among different age groups and between local and floating children were statistical significant. The coverage rates declined with the increase of age, and the coverage rates in local children were higher than those in floating children.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2014年第2期105-111,共7页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
免疫规划
疫苗
接种率
immunization program
vaccine
vaccination rate
