摘要
民事诉讼目的应当是当事人运用民事诉讼制度的目的和国家确立民事诉讼制度的目的的统一,两方面有重合之处,也可能存在冲突。民事诉讼目的学说应当能够最大限度接近真实、合乎情理地解释绝大多数民事诉讼现象,使两方面的交集最大化。现有的相关学说,如权利保护说、维护法律秩序说、纠纷解决说、程序保障说、利益保障说、平衡论、多元说和多层次说等,均存在一定不足,在很大程度上是因为其理论模型过于简单化、理想化。通过纠纷产生和解决过程的大视野审视民事诉讼现象,本文提出"司法保护说",认为当事人参加民事诉讼的目的是以法律为攻击防御手段,从民事诉讼中获得利益、减少不利益;国家确立民事诉讼制度的目的是通过司法程序保护当事人的合法正当权益,对不合法、不正当的主张则不予支持和保护。这一学说契合民事诉讼实践,有效整合了民事诉讼目的的两个方面,对民事诉讼制度的完善也具有一定意义。
The purpose of the civil litigations, which should contain the purpose that the parties to use the civil litigation system and the state＇ s purposes to establish the system, is the unity of the two aspects of purpose. There is an overlap between the two aspects, also conflicts. The doctrines about the purpose of the civil litigation should be able to explain the vast majority of related phenomena most closely to the reality and reasonably, and to maximize the intersection of the two aspects above. The existed relevant theories, such as the the- ory of right protection, the theory of maintenance of law and order, the theory of dispute resolution, the theory of procedure safeguards, the theory of interest safeguards, the balance theory, the plurality theory and the multi-layered theory, all have some defects, largely because their hypothetical model is too simplistic and idealistic. After having reviewed the civil litigation phenomena in a wide vision over the process from the arising to the resolving of disputes, the theory of judicial protection believes, that the parties＇ purpose to participate in the civil litigation is to take the law as a means of attack defense as to obtain benefits or reduce harm, and the state＇ s purpose to establish the civil litigation system is to protect the legal and justified rights, while the illegal and improper claims should not be supported or protected.
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第2期109-127,共19页
Modern Law Science
关键词
民事诉讼目的
诉讼现象
纠纷解决说
司法保护说
the purpose of the civil litigations
litigation phenomena
the theory of dispute resolution
the theory of judicial protection
