摘要
蔬菜商品化处理产生的尾菜，已成为蔬菜产区污染源。为了解决环境污染，探寻资源化利用途径，针对尾菜量大集中、水分含量高、易腐烂变质等特点，采用畜禽粗饲料制粒和制块工艺，研制了由清洗、打浆、压滤、水处理、混合、制粒及制块单元组成的尾菜饲料化生产线，并利用单因素和正交试验对主要设备工艺参数及尾菜生产畜禽颗粒及蜂窝块状粗饲料辅料配比进行了优化。结果表明，清洗、打浆为粒径约10．0mm的白菜、莲花菜、芹菜商品化处理产生的尾菜，在气泡清洗机输送带运行速度分别为6～7m·min-1、7～8m·min-1、8-9m·min-1，芹菜使用单丝滤布、白菜和莲花菜使用涤纶750B滤布，在隔膜压榨压力0．05～0．06MPa，时间20min的条件下，尾莱饼含水率可降至35．0％，与占尾菜饼量12．5％的膨润土、10．0％次粉、15．0％稻壳粉、3．0％玉米蛋白粉混合，制粒及压块平均成型率为94．67％，吨料电耗22．0kW-h-1.t-1，粗饲料密度920．0kg·m-3，坚实度82．O％，均匀度95．0％，含水率〈10．0％，粗纤维10．3％，粗蛋白9．6％，粗灰分31．0％。生产应用表明，研制的尾菜饲料化生产线操作简单、高效、经济实用，具有自动化程度高等特点；生产的粗饲料营养丰富、适口性好、耐储存。尾菜饲料化利用技术，适合于蔬菜商品化处理、蔬菜精加工生产基地以及大型农贸市场等对尾菜治污和资源化利用。
The amount of vegetable residues produced through plucking, processing, transporting and selling vegetables has been rising sharply with the rapid growth of vegetable industry and commercial vegetable processing. Because of lack of suitable eco- nomic processing technology, the reclamation rate of vegetable residues has been low. Large amount of vegetable residues still re- mained in the fields, on the side of rural roads and in drainage canals. Vegetable residues eventually rot and cause severe pollution of soil, water and the atmosphere. In particular, vegetable residues have endangered green vegetables production areas. In recent years, vegetable residues have been mainly used as feed, organic fertilizer or directly returned to the field as mulch/green mature. However, the cost of such processing has increased significantly, precluding efforts for commercial industrialization. Thus low cost processing of vegetable residues was urgently needed to mitigate loss in the vegetable industry. This study mainly focused on available low cost processes of vegetable residues to prompt their reclamation. Fodder processing lines were designed according to vegetable residue conditions--high water content, easy to rot, large amount. Fodder processing lines included units of cleaning, beating, pressure filtra- tion, water treatment, mixing, granulating and block making. The production parameters of vegetable residue processing were optimized by using the Chinese cabbage, cabbage and celery residues. Single factor method and orthogonal experiment were used to optimize the contents of adjuvant roughage of vegetable residues, which included bentonite, middling powder, rice shell powder and corn gluten meal. The results showed that after cleaning and beating, the diameter of Chinese cabbage, cabbage and celery residueparticles were within 10 mm. The convey belt speed of bubble washers of the Chinese cabbage, cabbage and celery residues were 6-7 m.min-1, 7-8 m.min-1, 8-9 m.min 1, respectively. After filtration under 0.05-0.06 MPa diaphragm squeeze pressure for 20 min, water content of vegetable residues dropped to below 35% with monofilament filter cloth for celery and 750B filter cloth for Chinese cabbage and cabbage as filtration materials. The vegetable residues roughage contained 12.5% bentonite, 10.0% middling powder, 15.0% rice shell powder and 3.0% corn gluten meal. Its＇ average rate of briquetting was 94.67%. The production capacity of processing lines equaled or exceeded 5.0 t-h-1, power consumption was 22.0 kW.h-1.t-1, discharged water of pressure filtration was within the GB8978--1996 requirements. The density of roughage was 920.0 kg.m-3, water content less than 10.0%, firmness 82.0% and uniformity 95.0%. The applications indicated that the vegetable residue pretreatment device had a high degree of automation and simple operation with practical features. It was suitable for vegetable residues resolution by commercial processing and large farmers＇ markets.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期491-495,共5页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51265001)
国家星火计划项目(2010GA860030)
甘肃省科技重大专项(1002NKDA026)资助
关键词
尾菜
资源化利用
粗饲料加工
生产线
Vegetable residues
Reclamation
Fodder processing
Production line
