摘要
在第二国际之前的理论研究中,马克思和恩格斯从分析资本主义的基本矛盾出发,阐明了无产阶级和资产阶级超越民族国家的阶级性特征,并预言随着阶级剥削与压迫的加重和无产阶级革命意识的增强,两大对立阶级之间必然会有一场历史性的"阶级大决战"。19世纪中后期,为了扫清资本主义发展的障碍,缓和尖锐的阶级矛盾,维护资产阶级的统治,西欧主要的民族和国家分别进行了以民族国家的统一、民主政治的发展和国家职能的扩展为主要内容的民族国家的建构。西欧民族国家的建构,对两大对立阶级之间的关系、无产阶级的斗争方式以及当时的国际关系都产生了深刻的影响,进而为第二国际的破产埋下了伏笔。
In the theoretical studies before the Second International, started from the analysis of the basic contradictions of capitalism, Marx and Engels expounded the class feature of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie that they would beyond nation-states. They predicted that, with the aggravation of the class exploitation and oppression and the enhancement of the proletarian revolutionary consciousness, there would be a historical ＂Class Armageddon＂ inevitably between the two opposite classes. During the middle and late 19th century, in order to clear the hurdle for the development of the capitalism, ease the sharp class contradictions, and sustain the rule of the bourgeoisie, the main Western European nations and countries respectively carried out the constructions of the nation-states, whose main contents are the unity of the nation-states, the development of the democratic politics, and the extension of the state functions. The construction of the Western European nation-states had a profound impact on the relationships between the two opposite classes, the proletarian fighting way, and the international relations at that time, and then sowed the seeds for the failure of the Second International.
出处
《社会主义研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第2期135-141,共7页
Socialism Studies
关键词
西欧
民族国家建构
第二国际
无产阶级革命
Western Europe
Construction of the Nation-State
the Second International
Proletarian Revolution
