摘要
从不同角度梳理、辨析了"直接排放与间接排放"、"组织边界排放与行政地理疆界排放"和"范围1排放、范围2排放与范围3排放"等9种城市碳排放核算的边界界定方法,理清了各种界定方法之间的关系。讨论了间接排放在各种城市碳排放清单指南中的计入程度,发现各种清单指南都把范围2的排放核算在内,而纳入范围3的排放部门数量和纳入方式不尽一致。分析了生产视角核算与消费视角核算各自存在的优劣势,认为消费视角核算是未来城市碳排放核算方法发展的重要方向。介绍了范围1排放、范围2排放与范围3排放的测度方法,提出了应用各方法时须注意的问题。建议各类城市温室气体清单编制组织应联合起来对范围3排放进行更明确的定义和分类,规范核算流程与测度方法,以完善城市温室气体清单编制的国际方法学。同时基于中国城市的特殊性,建议中国城市应根据核算目的需要灵活选择核算边界,加强城市之间的协调减排,对既有的一些政策措施进行重新评估与修订;国家在向城市分解减排指标时,要首先界定好核算边界,明确测度方法,并注重从行业监控角度控制航空与电力部门的温室气体排放。
This paper analyses and clarifies the ＇ direct emissions and indirect emissions＇ , ＇ organizational boundary emissions and geopolitical boundary emissions＇ and ＇ scope 1 emissions, scope 2 emissions and scope 3 emissions＇ as well as other 9 urban carbon accounting boundary defined methods in different angles. The indirect emissions methodologies in existing major city-scale frameworks are compared, and find the scope 2 emissions are all included in these city-scale standards while the scope 3 emissions varies different. The pros and cons of consumption-based and production-based carbon accounting are also analyzed respectively, Which find that the consumption-based accounting will be an important direction of future urban carbon accounting methods. This paper also introduces the measurement methods of the three scope emissions, and some questions should be noticed are put forward. To improve the city greenhouse gas emission inventory, this paper suggests that all kinds of organization for making city-scale standards should be united for a more clear classification and accounting process of scope 3 emissions. For China cities, carbon accounting boundary-setting needs to be flexibly choosen based on the objective. Strengthening the coordination between the cities on carbon emission reduction and giving a systematic review and revision for existing policies and measures are also suggested for cities＇ governments. The national competent authority, when decomposing emission reduction targets to the cities＇ governments, first needs to make clear boundary and measurement methods. The emission reductions of aviation and power sectors should monitor their emissions.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第4期19-26,共8页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"城镇碳排放清单编制方法与决策支持系统研究
开发与示范"(编号:2011BAJ07B07-2)
关键词
城市碳排放核算
城市温室气体清单
边界界定
城市碳足迹
urban carbon accounting
urban greenhouse gas emission inventory
demarcation
urban carbon footprint
