摘要
地震应急预案作为地震应急的核心文件之一,存在操作性不强,针对性不足等问题。在分析地震应急预案特点的基础上提出一种地震应急处置方案技术。地震应急处置方案是地震发生后,为指导地震应急救援,针对具体应急事件的应急处置工作方案。阐述了地震应急处置方案的特点及其与地震应急预案的关系。论述了地震应急处置方案的组成,包括:处置方案框架、应急决策知识和信息技术支撑平台。介绍了地震应急处置方案的工作原理,在信息技术支撑平台上应用地震应急决策知识修正应急处置方案框架并动态生成处置方案。以地市级为例论述了地震应急处置方案框架,并介绍地震应急决策知识的组成。从而为地震应急处置方案的生成与应用奠定基础,该方案试图在一定程度上改进地震应急预案的不足。
Earthquake is one of most serious natural disasters in China. In order to effectively mitigate earthquake disaster, three catalogues of jobs have been done under the leadership of China Earthquake Administration. Earthquake emergency is one of such important jobs, which could save life and reduce disaster damage. Earthquake emergency preplan plays a key role in this work, and provides foundation for disaster rescue. Although the emergency preplans get great achievements in many earthquake disaster reliefs, they also show some drawbacks in the practical applications. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of Chinese earthquake emergency preplans and find that the framework of emergency preplans is clear, but the provisions on emergency operations are macroscopical and not easy to use; the structures of the emergency preplans are generically similar in the whole country and lack of pertinence to specific disaster areas or professional industries; the connections between earthquake disaster emergency preplans and other disaster emergency preplans are weak; the dynamic managements of the preplans need to be enhanced. In order to complement the emergency preplans, earthquake emergency response disposal scheme is discussed in this paper, which is an emergency disposal work plan for detailed emergency events after an earthquake from technical perspective and aims at directing earthquake emergency response. The relationships between the emergency preplans and the disposal schemes are introduced. The core difference between them is in that a preplan focuses mainly on who should respond to the emergency event, while a disposal scheme is more concerned about how to cope with the emergency event. We also present the components of the disposal schemes, which include disposal scheme framework, emergency decision-making knowledge and supported information platforms. Then the work principle of the disposal schemes is described based on these components. In this principle, earthquake emergency decision-making knowledge is used to amend the disposal scheme framework to generate the emergency disposal scheme with the support of information technologies. Within the disposal schemes, three kinds of the disposal countermeasures, namely, descriptive emergency countermeasures, the countermeasures from earthquake emergency professional models and the countermeasures from GIS and RS technical platforms are introduced. Taking urban level as an example, the urban disposal scheme framework is depicted. It is composed of five parts： geographic environment in disaster area, earthquake information, estimated disaster information, emergency countermeasures and other related countermeasures. Then the components of the decision-making knowledge are introduced. The knowledge representations result from comprehensive processing of various information related to earthquake emergency response and rescue. This paper lays the foundation for the earthquake emergency response disposal scheme generation and application, which helps to solve the problems of the earthquake emergency preplans. In future, the detailed implementation and application methods of earthquake emergency decision-making knowledge will be studied and used to realize the computer-aided generation of the disposal schemes.
出处
《地震地质》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期196-205,共10页
Seismology and Geology
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAK15B06)
国家自然科学基金(40901272)
江苏省高校优秀中青年教师和校长境外研修计划
地理空间信息湖南省工程实验室开放基金(2013 GSIJJ010)共同资助
关键词
地震应急
应急处置
处置方案
应急预案
earthquake emergency, emergency disposal, disposal scheme, emergency preplan
