摘要
生态系统健康 (学 )是本世纪 80年代后期发展起来的生态学分支之一 ,它主要研究人类活动、社会组织、自然系统及人类健康的整体性。生态系统健康是指生态系统随着时间的进程有活力并且能维持其组织结构及自主性 ,在外界胁迫下容易恢复。评估生态系统健康的标准有活力、恢复力、组织、生态系统服务功能的维持、管理选择、外部输入减少、对邻近系统的影响及人类健康影响等 8个方面。文中提出了在时间和空间格局上对生态系统健康进行研究或评价的等级概念 ,即生态系统的基本性质包括结构、功能、动态与服务 ,而生态系统又可分为基因、物种 -种群、群落 -生态系统、景观 -区域等 4个层次 ,两者通过巢式等级整合。此外 ,还讨论了生态系统健康与干扰、生态系统稳定性、生态系统管理、生态系统可持续性 ,以及生态恢复之间的关系。
The concept of ecosystem health is reviewed and its relationship with related ecological disciplines is discussed. Ecosystem health refers to the level of an ecosystem being active, maintaining its organization and autonomy over time, performing its functions normally, and being resilient to stress. The main evaluation components of ecosystem health include vigor, resilience, organization, maintenance of ecosystem services, management options, reduction of external input, damage to neighboring systems, and human health effects. The first three indicators are important and their monitoring models are provided. Based on four primary attributes of ecosystem health—structure, function, dynamics and services, a nested hierarchy that incorporates elements of each attribute at four levels of organization—gene, species-population, community-ecosystem, and landscape-region is proposed. In addition, the relationship between ecosystem health and disturbance, stability of ecosystem, ecosystem management, ecosystem sustainability, ecological rehabilitation are discussed.
出处
《热带地理》
北大核心
2000年第4期310-316,共7页
Tropical Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目!(39899370 )
中国科学院青年创新小组和重大项目!(KZ95 1-B1-110 )
广东省自然科学基金项目!(980 489
关键词
生态系统健康
组织
管理
恢复生态学
结构
功能
Ecosystem health
Organization
Ecosystem management
Restoration ecology
Hierarchical approach
