摘要
工业竞争力的行业分化是过去三十年中国工业发展的重要特征。对这一分化的合理解释有利于形成有效的工业与技术政策。本文首先将技术自立定义为一种与技术依赖相对的技术学习,并通过对三个复杂产品工业的比较案例研究,分析了从技术依赖向技术自立转变的关键特征。这些特征都与高度本地化的嵌入性需求的发展以及国家技术能力的积累相关。这两方面因素的互动决定了引进技术和本土创新的命运,只有引进技术在经济上的破产或技术上的失败才能使本土创新得到扩散,从而使局部突破转变为更广泛的竞争力。本文最后就政府定位、技术战略、需求政策和国际合作给出了政策建议。
Huge divergence of competitiveness among different sectors is an important feature of industrial development in the past three decades in China. A reasonable explanation of this divergence is crucial to effective industrial and technology policies. This study firstly defines technological self-reliance as a special technological learning which is opposite to technological dependence, then analyzes those key features which change technological dependence to self-reliance based on a comparative case study from three complex product industries in China. Those features are linked with the evolution of embedded demand and accumulation of national technological capability. Interactions of these two sides determine the fate of both imported technology and indigenous innovation. The economical bankruptcy or technical failure of imported ones would diffuse indigenous innovations, where local breakthroughs amplify to a broader competitiveness. This paper also gives policy suggestions on government positioning, technology strategy, demand policy and international cooperation.
出处
《经济理论与经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第5期44-57,共14页
Economic Theory and Business Management
关键词
技术自立
技术学习
复杂(系统)产品
嵌入性需求
引进失灵
technological self-reliance
technological learning
complex product
embedded demand
import failure
