摘要
从水资源人口压力、生态压力、经济发展压力和技术压力4个方面,构建绿洲城市水资源压力评价模型,探讨了乌鲁木齐市1995-2012年的水资源压力指数变化,并分析了水资源短缺对城市发展的影响。研究表明:(1)乌鲁木齐市的水资源压力由1995年的0.32增长为2012年的1.08,呈快速增长趋势,水资源条件、人口快速增长及与发达地区用水定额的差距拉大是主要原因。(2)乌鲁木齐市人均水资源量持续减少,由1995年的729.54 m3/人减少为2012年的377.8 m3/人,减少了近48.21%,已由中度—重度缺水转为极度缺水区域,2009年以来水资源开发利用率甚至超过100%,水资源短缺很大程度影响城市的发展速度与规模。(3)加强水资源管理,实施跨流域调水,适度扩大城市规模,加大节水力度和产业结构调整,提高水资源利用效率,是缓解水资源压力、促进城市健康发展的有效手段。
Water pressure model of oasis city was built to evaluate the change of water resources pressure indexes in Urumqi City, Xinjiang, China from four aspects as population pressure, ecological pressure, economic develop- ment pressure and technical pressure, and then the impact of water shortages on urban development was analyzed. The results show as follows： （1） the composite stress index of water resources in Urumqi showed a rapid growth trend, which rises from 0.32 of 1995 to 1.08 of 2012. The main reasons are the deterioration of water resources, the rapid growth of population and the difference in water quota with developed areas. （2） Per capita water resources of Urumqi continued to decline, which was 729.54 m3 in 1995 and 377.8 m3 in 2012, with 48.21% of decreasing. It was transferred from moderate to severe shortage of water resources, and the ratioes of water resources exploiting and uti- lization were over 100% after 2009, which affects significantly on urban expansion and hinders the ban economic development. （3） Strengthening water management capacity, accelerating intensity implementation of inter-basin water transfer, and industrial restructuring were effective to ease the growth rate of ur- of water-saving, pressure on water resources and promote cities to healthy development.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期380-387,共8页
Arid Land Geography
基金
中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划(RCPY201003)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向课题(YOOQ0600SB)
