摘要
[Objective] The aim was to explore fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K on citrus fruit cracking and to seek best treatment in preventing fruit cracking. [Method] Compound fertilizers with different proportions of N, P and K were prepared, supplemented by leaf fertilizers with varying mineral elements. [Result] It is proved the treatment II containing spring fertilizers （N：P2O5：K2O=20：10：10）, summer fertilizers （N：P2O5：K2O=16：8：16）, and leaf fertilizers with calcium nitrate solu- tion （0.5%） achieved the best prevention effects of fruit cracking. In the meantime, N-to-K ratio and N-to-Ca ratio were proved of positive correlation with cracked fruits, and the higher the ratios, the higher the proportion of cracked fruits, vice versa. On other hand, Ca-to-K ratio was of negative correlation with cracked fruits, and the higher the ratio, the lower the proportion of cracked fruits. [Conclusion] In practical production, fertilization should be conducted as per soil moisture content, tree growth, and seasons, in a balanced and comprehensive way.
[目的]探讨氮磷钾不同配比对柑桔裂果的影响,以期找到最有效的防裂果组合。[方法][结论]通过配施N、P、K不同比例地面复合肥与喷洒不同的矿物营养元素叶面肥处理组合来防止裂果试验。[结果]在春季用肥料配比N∶P2O5∶K2O=20∶10∶10,夏秋用肥料配比N∶P2O5∶K2O=16∶8∶16,叶面喷施0.5%硝酸钙液的处理组合防裂果效果最好。同时分析不同处理中叶片的N与K比值,N与Ca的比值,Ca与K的比值,发现树体中N与K的比值(N/K)和N与Ca的比值(N/Ca)同裂果呈正相关,即比值越大,裂果越重。树体中Ca与K的比值(Ca/K)与裂果成负相关,其比值越大,裂果越轻。[结论]为避免柑桔裂果,生产中应该根据土壤的墒情、树势的优劣、季节的更替等平衡全面地施肥。
