摘要
密度和施肥是实现玉米群体高产的关键技术,为探寻在关中地区施肥量对不同密度下夏播爆裂玉米产量和形态指标的影响,以沈爆3号为试验材料,采用密度为主区,肥料为副区的裂区设计,对爆裂玉米产量、产量构成、以及植株形态进行研究和相关分析。结果表明:适宜密度和施肥量能够有效提高爆裂玉米产量,最大产量出现在D3N2(密度8.25万株/hm2,施肥量216kg/hm2),为3 930.23kg/hm2;密度和施肥分别通过增加收获穗数和提高行粒数、穗长,提高群体产量。对形态指标的研究表明,穗位高对密度和施肥量的响应与株高变化趋势表现出一致的抛物线变化,叶夹角对密度和施肥量的响应与叶向值(LOV)变化趋势表现出对称的抛物线变化。相关分析表明,增大叶向值,减小叶夹角能有效提高行粒数、穗行数和百粒质量,适当降低株高和穗位高有利于增加穗行数。综上分析说明,不同施肥水平及种植密度通过影响植株形态,协调源库关系,最终影响籽粒产量。
Density and fertilization are the key factors for high yield of maize. In order to find the effects of fertilization on plant morphology and grain yield of popcorn under different densities on summer sowing in Guanzhong area, the split-plot experiment design and hybrid popcorn Shenbao No. 3 were used to determine the effects of yield, yield components, plant morphology and correlation analysis. The results showed that the suitable planting density and fertilization effectively affected the maize yield, the highest yield was 3 930.23 kg/hm2 in D3N2 treatment（8. 25x10^4 plants/hm2 ,216 kg/hm2）. Density increased the number of ears and fertilization increased kernel number per row and ear length. For plant morphology, with the changes of density and fertilization, the plant height and ear height showed the similar change regular, but leaf angle and leaf orientation value（LOV） showed symmetric parabola change trend. Correlation analysis showed that, larger LOV and smaller leaf angle increased kernel number per row, ear row number and 100-kernel mass;reducing plant height and ear height were helpful to increase ear row number. Density and fertilization coordinated source-sink relationship by influencing the plant morphology, and eventually effect yield.
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期33-39,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
2011陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2011KTZB02-01-02)
唐仲英育种专项(A212021207)
关键词
爆裂玉米
密度
施肥量
植株形态
产量
Popcorn
Density
Fertilization
Plant morphology
Yield
