摘要
以楚雄市九龙甸水源区为研究对象,用楚雄市(1953—2009年)和凤屯站(建站到2009年)的日气象和月径流资料,结合水源区土地利用、土壤特性、90 mDEM数据等,构建九龙甸水源区SWAT分布式水文模型。结果表明,在研究区SCS径流曲线数(CN2)、土壤蒸发补偿系数(ESCO)、浅层地下水回归流阈值深度(GWQMN)、土壤饱和水力传导度(SOL_K)、平均坡度(SLOPE)、最大叶面积指数(BLAI)、最大叶冠指数(CANMX)和土壤水植被可利用量(SOL_AWC)等参数对径流影响最为敏感。在模型率定期和验证期,模拟与实测径流量相对误差均小于10%,纳什效率系数分别为0.87和0.83,说明构建的SWAT水文模型在九龙甸水源区有较好的适用性。1986—2009年研究区不同土地利用方式下土壤侵蚀均以轻、微度侵蚀为主,但土地利用类型变化,尤其是人类活动增强导致的耕地面积增加、草地面积减少,使得2009年比1986、2000年中度和强烈土壤侵蚀面积明显增加。
The paper built SWAT distributed hydrologic model by taking Jiulongdian water source region in Chuxiong as the object of study,using the daily meteorological data and monthly runoff data of Chuxiong Station( 1953-2009) and Fengtun Station( from beginning to 2009) and combining with the land use,soil characteristics and 90 m DEM data. The outcomes show that the parameters of CN2,ESCO,GWQMN,SOL_K,SLOPE,BLAI,CANMX and SOL_AWC of the studied area are the most sensitive to runoff. In the period of model calibration and validation,the relative errors of simulated and observed runoff are all smaller than 10% and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient is 0. 87 and0. 83 respectively,showing good suitability of the SWAT model in the water source region. The soil erosion of the studied area under the conditions of different land uses in the period of 1986-2009 is mainly light and slight erosion. The changes of land use,especially the increase of arable land and decrease of grassland because of the increase of human activities have resulted in the remarkable increase of moderate and severe soil erosion in 2009 comparing with that of in 1986 and 2000.
出处
《中国水土保持》
2014年第5期48-50,73,共3页
Soil and Water Conservation in China
基金
水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201001058)
