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微观决策与宏观政策的冲突:官僚政治视角下的美国外援政策 被引量:4

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摘要 美国的外援政策,以美国对外战略目标作为其政策目标,具有宏观性、全局性和长期性的特点。然而,外援并非简单抽象的跨国资源转移,而是由无数微观层次的项目和工程构成,并由众多官僚机构具体负责实施。这些官僚机构分属美国政府各部门,并且分布在世界各地,在外援具体事务中享有高度的自主裁量权。本文运用政治学中的委托代理理论,分析外援政策中的"委托人问题"对政策输出的影响。外援政策的特征,决定了官僚机构在美国外援决策和执行中享有高度自主裁量权。由微观层次上分散而自主的官僚决策所产生的外援政策输出,与既定的外援宏观政策目标之间必然存在偏差。外援分配的实际情况也表明,美国外援政策并没有根据对外战略目标变化而及时调整。相反,美国外援分配呈现出很强的惯性,而且外援分配实际原则和外援政策宏观目标之间存在明显偏差。因而,对外援政策的研究不能仅停留在对所谓"外援战略"的宏观评述,而需要分析微观决策和实施层次的机制和过程。
作者 庞珣 何枻焜
出处 《外交评论(外交学院学报)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2014年第3期107-135,共29页 Foreign Affairs Review
基金 教育部人文社科基金青年项目"‘金砖国家’对外发展援助的战略 模式与合作前景"(项目编号:12YJCGJW009)的阶段性成果
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共引文献29

同被引文献93

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