摘要
利用常规气象资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,从天气形势和雷达回波演变特征等方面对2011年6月24日发生在洛阳嵩县的一次冰雹过程进行了分析,并利用三维弹性冰雹云催化模式对该冰雹云进行了模拟研究,分析其冰雹形成的物理机制。结果表明:本次过程在天气形势上属于下滑冷槽型。多普勒天气雷达资料上表现为单个单体的强对流风暴,最大反射率≥65 dBz,回波顶高达到14 km,降雹前垂直积分液态含水量具有明显的跃增;径向速度场上出现了大范围明显的逆风区。三维冰雹云模式对该冰雹云具有较好的模拟能力,模式模拟的最强回波与实况一致,雹云中含水量中心与强上升气流有很好的配置,在云的发展阶段,主含水量中心是强上升气流的指示。冰雹的雹胚主要来自冻滴和霰,在冰雹形成期间,冻结形成的冻滴和转化产生的霰数量上相差不大,但是冻滴向雹的转化比例却是霰的6倍,即在地面强降雹之前,雹云中的雹胚主要来源于冻滴;而冰雹的增长在前期主要靠收集过冷雨水,后期主要靠收集过冷云水;适量的冰晶、雪和丰富的过冷水的存在对雹的形成和增长极为有利。
Based on the conventional meteorological data and the Doppler radar data of Zhengzhou on 24 June 2011, a hail event in Songxian of Luoyang was analyzed from the weather situation and the radar echo evolution characteristics. The physical analysis and numerical simulation of this hail cloud was studied by 3D elastic hail cloud catalytic model. The results show that： the type of weather situation belongs to downslide cold trough, the characteristics of the Doppler radar is radar cell, the maximum reflectivity greater than or equal to 65 dBz, the storm top height up to 14 km, a sharply increasing of the value of vertical integrated liquid water before the falling large hail and a wide range of significant adverse wind area on the radial velocity field. The model has a good ability to simulate this hail cloud. The strongest echo from the model is well consistent with the actual rainfall observations. The hail cloud has good configuration between water center and the strong updraft. At the cloud development stage, the main water center instruct the strong updraft. Frozen droplets and graupel can be converted into the hail, the amount of graupel and frozen droplets were narrow for this hail cloud during the hail appeared, but the ratio of the frozen droplets to hail is 6 times as that of the graupel to hail, so hail embryo is mainly frozen droplets. At the early stage of hail growing, the hail embryo growth is mainly by the accretion with super-cooled rainwater processes, but at the later stage, mainly by the super-cooled cloud water. Therefore, proper ice crystal, snow and plenty of super-cooled rainwater is very favorable for the formation and growth of hail.
出处
《气象与环境科学》
2014年第2期49-57,共9页
Meteorological and Environmental Sciences
基金
河南省气象局气象科学技术研究项目(Z201108)
河南省重点科技攻关计划项目(132102310071)资助
关键词
冰雹云
多普勒雷达
数值模拟
微物理
hail cloud
Doppler radar
numerical simulation
microphysical
