摘要
目的了解上海市浦东新区急性腹泻门诊病例发病特征、病原谱构成,为制定急性腹泻防治对策与措施提供科学依据。方法 2012年在全区12家哨点医院腹泻门诊开展监测采样工作,检测8大类细菌和5种病毒,分析其病原菌和病毒感染情况和在不同性别、年龄人群中的检出情况。结果 2012年1-12月,12家哨点医院共采集2533例急性腹泻门诊病例,感染任一致病菌498例,感染率19.66%,分离出致病菌561株,其中致泻性大肠埃希菌156株(27.81%),沙门菌120株(21.39%),气单胞菌101株(18.00%);感染任一病毒716例,感染率28.31%,阳性毒株数756株,其中诺如病毒阳性472株(65.83%),轮状病毒阳性164株(21.69%)。6-9月细菌阳性率较高,1-3月和10-12月病毒阳性率较高。不同人群的病毒阳性率均显著高于细菌(P<0.001)。成人组细菌和病毒感染率均高于儿童组(P<0.001)。结论上海市浦东新区急性腹泻以病毒感染为主,但细菌感染率也较高,二者高发季节不同。致泻性大肠埃希菌、沙门菌和气单胞菌是急性腹泻的主要致病菌,病毒性腹泻则以诺如病毒和轮状病毒感染为主,儿童和成人腹泻病原构成不同。
Objective To understand the incidence pattern and etiological characteristics of acute diarrhea in Pudong New Area, Shanghai and provide evidence for the prevention and control of acute diarrhea. Methods Clinical samples were collected in 12 sentinel hospitals in Pudong in 2012 to detect 8 bacterial pathogens and 5 viral pathogens. Results From January to December 2012, clinical samples were collected from 2533 acute diarrhea cases in the sentinel hospitals. Among these cases, 498 were infected with one bacterial pathogen （ 19.66% ） and 561 bacterial strains of were isolated, including 156 diarrheagenic Escherichiacoli coli （ E. coli） strains （ 27.81% ）, 120 Salmonella strains （ 21.39 % ） and 101 Aeromonas strains （18.00%）, and 716 were infected with one viral pathogen （28.31%） and 756 viral strains were isolated, including 472 norovirus strains （65.83 % ） and 164 rotavirus strains （21.69%）. The detection rate was high for bacteria during June-September and for viruses during January-March and during October-December. The detection rate of viruses was significantly higher than that of bacteria in any population （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. The detection rate was obvious higher in adults than in children. Conclusion Acute diarrhea were mainly caused by viruses in Pudong, but the incidence of bacterial infection was still high. The incidence peaks of two type infections were different. The major pathogens causing bacterial infections were E. coli, Salmonella and Aeromonas and the major pathogens causing viral infections were norovirus and rotavirus. The pathogen spectrums of acute diarrhea in adults and children were different.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2014年第5期349-353,共5页
Disease Surveillance
基金
上海市第三轮公共卫生行动计划人才培养计划-海外人才培养项目(No.GWHW201220)
卫生行业科研专项(No.201202006)
国家科技重大专项(No.2012ZX10004201)~~
关键词
腹泻
病原谱
监测
Diarrheal disease
Etiology
Surveillance
