摘要
工矿废弃地常含有不同粒径的碎石,这些碎石的存在改变了原来土壤的物理特性,导致入渗过程发生差异.以3种不同粒径（分别介于1.30 ～ 1.70 em、2.30～2.80cm、3.90～4.30cm之间）、5种不同比例（0％、15％、30％、45％、60％）的碎石与土掺混的土石混合物作为试验材料,研究土石混合物入渗规律.结果表明：1）碎石掺入土壤后,随着碎石比例的增加,其混合物初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率都有增加的趋势,而达到稳定渗透的时间有所减小,说明随着碎石的加入有利于土壤水分的入渗和稳定渗透;2）碎石粒径不同时,由于中粒径碎石组的颗粒级配配合较大、小粒径碎石组的好,其混合物初始入渗速率最大,稳定入渗时间最长;3）用考斯加可夫经验公式和通用经验公式拟合实测数据,二者均可较好地表达试验入渗过程,通用经验公式更适合模拟试验中土石混合物的入渗过程.研究结果可为预测矿区废弃地土石混合物产流和土壤侵蚀提供参考.
There are often different sizes of gravels in mining waste land,and their presence changes the physical characteristics of the soil,leading to the difference in infiltration.With three different sizes （1.30-1.70,2.30-2.80 and 3.90-4.30 cm）,five different proportions （0,15％,30％,45％ and 60％） of gravels mixed with soil as materials,their infiltrations were studied.Results are shown as follows.1） When gravels were mixed with soil,with the increase their proportion,the values of initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate of the mixture increased,while the stable infiltration time reduced,illustrating that the addition of gravels is in favor of soil water infiltration and stable infiltration.2） As the size of particles was not uniform,the size distribution of medium particles was better than that of bigger particles or smaller particles,the initial infiltration rate of that mixed with medium particles was the largest,and the stable infiltration time was the longest.3） By fitting the experimental data with the Kostiakov formula and universal empirical formula,we found that both of them can better express the experimental infiltration process.A further comparison showed that the universal empirical formula is more suitable for simulating the infiltration process of the experimental earth-rock mixture.The results would serve as a reference for forecasting runoff and soil erosion in mining area.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2014年第3期17-22,共6页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
山西农业大学科技创新基金"工矿区废弃物有效利用及治理研究"(200213)
关键词
废弃地
土石混合
入渗速率
入渗规律
waste land
earth-rock mixture
infiltration rate
infiltration law
