摘要
细胞色素P450(简称P450)对杀虫剂的代谢作用直接影响到昆虫对杀虫剂的耐受性和杀虫剂对昆虫的选择性,由P450介导的杀虫剂代谢解毒作用的增强是昆虫产生抗药性的常见而重要的机制。P450介导的杀虫剂代谢抗性具有普遍性、交互抗性与进化可塑性的特点,涉及P450基因重复与基因扩增、基因转录上调以及结构基因的变异等多样化的分子机制,并且多重机制的共同作用可以导致高水平抗药性。这些研究发现说明,无论是昆虫抗药性机制的研究,还是抗药性监测与治理都要有动态的、因地制宜的理念。
Although cytochrome P450s have been well known to play crucial roles in insecticide resistance in insects, the mechanisms of P450-based metabolic resistance have not been fully characterized at the molecular level. Thanks to the development of genomics and biochemical techniques, rapid advances in the studies on the mechanisms of P450-mediated insecticide resistance have been achieved in recent years. This review attempts to summarize the current understandings in this field. P450-mediated resistance is a very common mechanism for almost all types of insecticides, and a single P450 enzyme may confer cross-resistance to different classes of pesticides. Variable genetic basis of resistance has been documented between populations resistant to the same insecticide due to multiple P450 options for evolving resistance. P450-mediated resistance may be due to either increased enzyme production （via enhanced transcription and/or gene duplication and amplification ）, or a change in structural gene itself that may alter the catalytic properties of the enzyme （ caused by point mutations） , or gene recombination of two closely linked genes that creates a chimeric enzyme with a novel ability. Constitutive transcriptional overexpression of resistance-associated P450 can be caused by cis-or/and trans-acting factors that have not been well understood. These findings suggest that mechanisms underlying P450-mediated insecticide resistance are diverse and complicated, and resistance monitoring and management should be customized for specific populations in a dynamic context.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期477-482,共6页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31172160)
国家重点基础发展研究规划(“973”计划)项目(2012CB114103)
关键词
昆虫
细胞色素P450
杀虫剂
抗药性
分子机制
抗性治理
Insect
cytochrome P450
insecticide
insecticide resistance
molecular mechanism
resistance management
