摘要
清代康定边茶贸易,及其衍生出的锅庄,使得康定在如下三个面向符合波兰尼的"贸易港"概念特征:第一,边茶贸易是晚期帝国管理和保护下的汉藏共同体之间的外部贸易;第二,中央王朝实施的土司制度奠定了康定的"准中立性"特征;第三,锅庄贸易延续并强化了共同体间的接触禁忌。基于传统中国之历史格局,康定在如下意义上又具备超越性:首先是康定实质上也兼具帝国内部贸易的意涵,并且表征了帝国的道德秩序;其次,接触禁忌试图保护的是汉藏双方的内部整合性;最后,土司及其锅庄贵族共同构成的系统,其中立性之维持,端赖于从政治、经济、亲属制度等诸方面建构与汉藏双方的关系,从而使土司地区成为汉藏缓冲地带,也使汉藏之间成为一道不可分割的连续光谱。考察清代康定锅庄贸易,可以为处理当代汉藏关系提供历史的洞见。
Tea trade and the tea-trade-derivative Guozhuang in the Qing Dynasty made Kangding a trading hub whose characteristics fit well with Polanyi's conception of'port of trade'. First,tea trade was an external trade between Han and Tibetan communities administered and protected by the late empire. Second,the appointed headman system instituted by the central dynasty helped fashion the quasi-neutrality of Kangding. Third,tea trade in Guozhuang carried forward and strengthened the touch prohibition between the two ethnic communities. Thanks to the historical pattern of traditional China,Kangding distinguished itself in the following three ways. First,tea trade in Kangding was as much an internal trade within the empire as it was external,and it embodied the moral order of the empire. Second,the touch prohibition was an attempt to protect the internal integrity of both Han and Tibetan communities. Lastly,the system composed by the headman and the aristocracy of Guozhuang depended for the perseverance of its neutrality on political,economic and kinship factors as well as the relationship between Han and Tibetan communities. In this way,the region under the jurisdiction of the headman became the buffer zone between Han and Tibetan communities,making the two ethnic communities a continuous and inseverable spectrum. A study of tea trade in Guozhuang in the Qing Dynasty may provide some historical insight into how the Han-Tibetan relationship should be handled.
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第4期12-23,5,共12页
Open Times
关键词
锅庄
汉藏关系
贸易港
经济人类学
Guozhuang,Han-Tibetan relations,port of trade,economic anthropology
