摘要
采用定位观测的方法对大兴安岭北部白桦次生林降雨再分配特征进行研究。结果表明:观测期内共发生34场降雨,其中主要为小雨和中雨,降雨总量为465.8mm,平均降雨强度为1.45mm/h。7月份降雨量最大,占观测期内降雨总量的42.94%。穿透雨总量为392.55mm,占降雨总量的84.27%。随着雨量的增大,穿透雨量和穿透雨率均表现为暴雨>大雨>中雨>小雨。树干茎流总量为12.50mm,占同期总降雨量的2.68%。林冠截留总量为60.76mm,占同期大气降雨总量的13.04%。随着雨量的增加,林冠截留率呈减小的趋势。灌木截留总量为1.75mm,占降雨总量的0.37%。枯落物截留总量为58.97mm,占降雨总量的12.66%,枯落物层截留特征与林冠层和灌木层均不同。降雨通过白桦林林冠、灌木、枯落物各层截留后,进行重新分配,从林冠到枯落物各层截留总量为26.07%,有73.93%的降雨进入土壤层,用于补充土壤水分、下渗或产生径流。降雨特征和各层截留特征是白桦次生林降雨再分配特征的重要影响因子。
The characteristics of rainfall redistribution of Betula platyphylla secondary by using the method of locating observation was studied in the north of greater Xing＇ an mountains. The results showed that, during the observation period, there were 34 rainfall and most of them were light rain and moderate rain. The total rainfall was 465.8 mm, the average rainfall intensity was 1.45 mm/h. Rainfall was the largest in July, accounting for 42.94% of the total rainfall. Total penetration of rain was 392.55 mm, accounting for 84.27 % of the total rainfall. With the increase of rainfall, penetrating rain and penetration rate as follows： Rainstorm〉heavy rain 〉moderate rain 〉light rain. Total stem flow was 12. 50 mm, accounting for 2. 68% of the total rainfall over the same period. Canopy interception total was 60.76 mm, accounting for 13.04% of the total rainfall over the same period. With the increase of rainfall, canopy interception rate showed a decreasing trend. Penetrating rain, stem flow, canopy interception（rate） had certain relationships with rainfall. Total shrub interception was 1.75 mm, accounting for 0.37% of the total rainfall. Litters interception total 58. 97 mm, accounting for 12.66 % of total rainfall, the characteristics of litter interception was different from canopy and shrub layers. The rain was reassigned through Betula platyphylla forest canopy, shrubs, litter layers interception. From the canopy to the litter layers, the total amount of interception was 26.07%, only 73.93% of rainfall into the soil layer, used to supplement soil moisture, infiltration were important factor affecting rainfall redistribution of or runoff. Characteristics of rainfall and Interception Betula plat vPhylla secondary forests.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第3期109-113,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"大兴安岭森林流域水文过程对植被和气候变化的响应"(31170420)
关键词
大兴安岭
白桦次生林
降雨再分配
灌木层截留
枯落物层截留
greater Xing＇an mountains
Betula platyphylla secondary forest
rainfall redistribution
shrublayer interception
litter interception
