摘要
目的了解恩平市狂犬病流行病学特征，探讨狂犬病防制的重点策略和预防控制措施。方法收集2006-2012年恩平市狂犬病个案调查及疫情报告资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2006-2012年恩平市共报告狂犬病病例26例，年发病率介于0．20／10万～1．83／10万之间，病死率100．00％；病例集中在2008-2011年；疫情主要集中在农村地区（24例，占92．31％）；男性17例，女性9例；50岁以上人群报告发病占42．3l％（11／26）；职业以农民和学生为主，构成比分别是53．85％（14／26）和15．38％（4／26）；咬伤部位以下肢为主，占37．50％（9／26）。24例动物咬伤史明确的病例中，潜伏期中位数为51．5d；79．17％的病例由犬咬伤引起（19／24）；病例伤口暴露程度以Ⅲ级伤口为主，占95．83％（23／24）。仅有1例病例接受规范犬伤处理，所有病例均未接种狂犬病疫苗和人狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论加强犬只的管理和免疫，及时、规范进行狂犬病暴露后医学处理是预防狂犬病的关键措施。
Objective To study the rabies epidemiological characteristics in Enping, discuss the key strategies for rabies prevention and control. Methods Data on rabies from 2006 to 2012 in Enping were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 26 rabies cases were reported from 2006 to 2012 in Enping, the incidence rate ranged from 0. 20/100 000 to 1.83/100 000, the fatality rate was 100% ; the cases were concentrated from 2008 to 2011; the epidemic of rabies was relatively severe in rural areas （24 cases, accounted for 92.31% ） ; Male 17 cases, female 9 cases, 42.31% of the cases aged over 50 （11/26） ; Occupations were mainly farmers and students, construction ratio were 53.85% （14/26） and 15.38% （4/26） ; Bitten parts were mainly lower limbs, accounted for 37.50% （9/26） . Among 24 cases of confirmed animal bites, the median incubation period is 51.5d; 79. 17% of the infections were caused by the dog bites （19/24） ; the wound exposures rate were mainly m level, accounted for 95.83% （23/34） . There was only one case received appropriate wound treatment; no cases received vaccination and rabies immune globulin. Conclusions To strengthen management and vaccination for dogs, timely and standardized medical treatment for rabies postexposure are the key measures to preventive rabies.
出处
《医学动物防制》
2014年第6期678-680,682,共4页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
关键词
狂犬病
流行特征
预防
Rabies
Epidemic characteristics
Prevention
