摘要
在已经到来的21世纪,世界与我国面临严峻的生态环境问题的挑战与威胁,这已成为地球环境与社会可持续发展的极严重障碍,引起了国际政治界、科学界与社会公众团体以及媒体的极大关注。突出的生态环境问题是:资源(淡水、粮食、能源、可耕地、森林、草地)的相对/绝对匮缺,环境(大气、水体、土壤)污染,温室气体剧增引起的全球变暖及由此导致的极端气候、灾害的连锁反应,生物多样性减少、物种丧失与灭绝,以及荒漠化与水土流失扩展等。生态区评价(ecoregional assessment or bioregional assessment)对以上问题给予科学机理的评定,政策方面的评判与调整和管理对策的制定,这是合理解决这些问题的第一重要步骤,是为了解决各国普遍存在且日益紧张的自然资源开发利用与保育之 间的矛盾而进行的区域性或问题倾向性评价,是将科学家的科学问题与决策者的政策和行政管理者的可行性紧密结合起来的综合方案。评价方案虽因对象与方法很不相同,但均对生态系统与自然资源开发与保育的平衡和可持续发展起到了良好的指导作用。
In the coming 21st century, the world is facing the serious challenge and threatening of ecological and environmental problems, which have become critical obstacles for the sustainable development of environment and societies. The situation has caused a good deal of attention of international political circles, scientific circles, and public communities. The striking environmental problems are: lack of resources (fresh water, food, energy, arable land, forest, grassland, etc.), environmental pollution (atmospheric, water and soil pollution) , global warming and extreme climate caused by rapid increase of greenhouse gases, chain reaction of disasters, decrease of biodiversity,
loss and extinction of species, and expansion of desertification and water-soil erosion, etc. Ecoregional assessment is the primary step to solve these problems. It provides the assessment of scientific mechanism and policy revision, as well as the management strategy formulation. It might be a region-oriented or problem-oriented assessment for the resolution of contradiction between the development and use of natural resources and their conservation, which is generally existing and increasingly serious all over the world. Ecoregional assessment is also an integrated project which combines scientist's scientific problems together with decision maker's decisions and administrator's feasibility. The projects of assessment would be different because of different objects and methods, but they should have a great role of guidance for keeping the balance between the use of e-cosystems, natural resources with their conservation and sustainable development.
出处
《中国基础科学》
2001年第5期11-14,共4页
China Basic Science
