摘要
本文不仅从安全的角度分析了常用压力容器超压保护装置——安全阀与爆破片的动作性能 ,而且从减少排放总量的角度出发分析了它们由于安全泄放与泄漏对环境带来的不利影响。依据上述分析 ,对安全阀与爆破片的各种性能和优缺点进行了对比。针对安全阀密封面容易泄漏和爆破片一次性完全排放都存在向环境排放介质过多的问题 ,提出两种安全阀与爆破片的组合结构 ,并从安全的角度出发 ,依据国内有关标准和规范 ,对这两种结构设置所需考虑的安全阀、爆破片及相关附件的型式、压力参数、技术要求等有关安全设计的问题进行了讨论。
The present paper is concerned with the consideration that the devices of relief valves and bursting disk fixed on the pressure vessels are the key elements to ensure the safety of pressure vessels and they drain a large amount of contaminants to the surrounding environment in the case of discharging or leaking of process materials. The performances of the relief valve and bursting disk are analyzed and compared not only from the viewpoint of safety, but also for the sake of reducing the drain gross to protect environment.The possibility of the improvement of those existing devices to meet the requirements of both safety and environment protection is explored.Generally speaking, because relief valves can not only open at the set pressure, which is a little higher than the maximum operation pressure of the vessels, but also close at reseating pressure which is below and near to the maximum operation pressure of the vessels, there will be a little discharge volume of the process materials. However, it is inevitable that relief valves may have small leakage which discharge contaminants to the environment continuously even in the normal operation conditions. On the other hand, bursting disk devices can prevent leaking but if they burst, the contaminants in pressure vessels will fully be discharged into the surrounding environment. Another important reason for the bursting disc devices to discharge more volume than that of the relief valves is that the difference between the pressures at which bursting disk devices begin to discharge the medium and the maximum operation pressure of the vessels is bigger than that of the relief valves.Accordingly, two structures formed by the combination of the function of relief valves and bursting disk devices are discussed and analyzed in the present paper. The purposes of such structures are to overcome the disadvantages of the relief valves leaking and to reduce the discharge volume of the bursting disc devices. The two structures (Figs.1 and 2) are formed by adding bursting disk device in the inlet or outlet of relief valve. The difference in performances between the two connecting methods of relief valve and bursting disk is studied(Table 3).Several aspects about the present designs of the combination structures(e.g.Fig.3), such as the type, the pressure parameters and technical specifications of the relief valves and bursting disk devices, are discussed according to Chinese standards (GB 150-1998 and GB 12241-89) and the criterion for protecting the safety of pressure vessels and reducing the discharge volume at the same time.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
2001年第2期11-15,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
