摘要
从生态遗传学角度和抗性机制两个方面研究了作物布局和解毒酶系对棉铃虫高效氯氰菊酯抗药性的影响。通过田间采样 ,测定了姜堰、如皋、兴化 3个地区的棉铃虫对高效氯氰菊酯的抗药性。结果表明 ,作物布局对棉铃虫菊酯抗性的发展具有明显的影响 ,寄主相对单一的棉花连片种植区 (兴化 )棉田棉铃虫对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性水平最高 ,是棉花春玉米混栽区 (如皋 )棉田棉铃虫抗药性的 3 .5倍。在邻近春玉米种植区的稻棉区 (姜堰 ) ,棉田棉铃虫的抗药性水平 ,是 4～ 5km外玉米田棉铃虫的 4.8倍。研究同时表明 ,四代棉铃虫的抗药性比 3代棉铃虫的抗药性下降了 2 .3倍。棉铃虫离体解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性测定表明 ,棉铃虫的羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性与棉铃虫对高效氯氰菊酯的抗药性水平有显著的相关性。对姜堰南部棉田和如皋戴庄棉田棉铃虫的活体增效试验表明 ,多功能氧化酶是抗性棉铃虫对高效氯氰菊酯重要的解毒酶系 ,增效醚可分别增效 2 2 .79倍和 1 2 .3 3倍。羧酸酯酶对抗性棉铃虫的解毒代谢也有部分贡献 ,磷酸三苯酯可分别增效 4.41倍和 3 .70倍。
The cotton bollworm Heliothis Armigera is a serious pest of cotton and other economic crops in China,where it has developed resistance to several kinds of insecticides,such as pyrethroids,cabamates and organophosphates,and has caused huge economic loss and even catastrophe to cotton production.In turn,the cotton bollworm has received much attention in the past decade in toxicological studies.However,classic research on resistant cotton bollworm is mainly limited to the laboratory study,little attention has been paid to the ecological factors in field,such as crop patterns.It is evident that crop patterns may influence the source of susceptible individual by affecting the distributive density and inhabit location of cotton bollworm,and as a result,influence the gene dilution of susceptible individual to the gene pool of inhabit.Secondly,it has been verified that semichemicals in different host plants may induce the tolerance of cotton bollworm to several insecticides.Finally,application patterns and level of insecticides tend to vary among different crops,which result in different selective pressure and resistance mechanism.Furthermore,the capacity of facultative and distant migration in cotton bollworm make it possible for the diffusion and intercommunion of resistant and susceptible gene among different regions.All these demonstrated that crop patterns may influence the developmental rate of insecticide resistance of the field population.But up to know,there is still few report home and abroad on the influence of resistant and susceptible gene intercommunion among different inhabits and crops on the insecticide resistance dynamics of cotton bollworm. In this paper,the effects of the crop patterns and the detoxification enzymes on the resistance of cotton bollworm to betacypermethrin have been studied.By taking sample from the fields with different crop patterns,we assayed the resistance factor of cotton bollworm to betacypermethrin in Jiangyan、Rugao、Xinghua area by topical application method recommended by FAO using the fourth-instar larvae.The results indicated that the resistance factor of cotton bollworm to betacypermethrin is the highest in the single planting area of cotton,which is 3.5 times as high as that of cotton bollworm in the multi-planting area of cotton and spring corn.In the rice-cotton planting area adjacent to the spring corn planting area,the resistance factor of cotton bollworm in cotton field is 4.8 times as high as that in corn field.Research also revealed that resistance factor in the fourth generation of Southern Jiangyan dropped 2.3 times compared with that in the third generation.The results of enzymic activity analysis showed that the activity of carboxylesterase、glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase in different field-selected resistant populations of cotton bollworm is correlated to the betacypermethrin resistance factor,wich correlation coefficient being 0.9283、0.9671 and 0.9463,respectively.The synergist experiments with cotton bollworm in vivo showed that monooxygenase is the most important detoxification enzyme,the synergistic values of the PBO,an inhibitor of mixed-function oxidase,were 22.79 fold and 12.33 fold,respectively.Carboxylesterase also partly contributes to the metabolic detoxification,the synergistic values of TPP,an inhibitor of carboxylesterase,were 4.41 fold and 3.70 fold,respectively. In view of the results obtained in this study,the conclusion may be drawn that crop patterns may influence the development of insecticide resistance in cotton bollworm to some extent.First,in the single planting area of cotton,the population treated with insecticides is relatively bigger,which results in relatively higher selective pressure,and migration coefficient and the effect of gene flow are relatively smaller,so resistance factor in this area is the highest compared with that of other crop patterns.Secondly,due to the migration of cotton bollworm from corn field or broomcorn field to cotton field in the fourth generation,the effect of gene flow weakens the selecti
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第10期1589-1595,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
江苏省"九五"农业重大攻关 (BE963 73 -2 )资助项目
