2Biggs, J.B.Student approaches to learning and studying, Research monograph[J]; Australian Council for Educational Research; Melbourne.
3Biggs, J.B.Teaching design for learning - A key note discussion; Paper presented at The Annual Conference of the Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australia[J], Griffith University, Brisbane.
4Clark, C.M.&Peterson, P.L.: Teachers' thought process; in Wittrock, M.C.&Peterson, P.L.: Handbook ofresearch on teaching (3rd edition) [J] .New York: Macmillan, 255- 296.
5Fox, D.: Personal theories of teaching; Studies in Higher Education; 8(2), 151 - 163.
6Gow, L.& Kember, D.: Coneoptions of teaching and their relationship to student learning[J].British Journal of Educational Psychology; 63, 20- 33.
7Kember, D.: A reconceptualisation of the research into umiversity academics' conceptions of teaching; Leaming and Instruction[J].(Journal of EARLI), 7(3), 255 - 275.
8Larsson, S.: Describing teachers' conceptions of their professional world; in Halkes, R.& Olson J.K.: Teacher thinking: A new perspective on persisting problems in education[J].Proceeding of the first symposium of the international study association on teacher thinking, Tilburg, 1983; 123 - 133.
9Marton, F.: Phenomenography- describing conceptions of the world around us[ J].Instructional Science 10, 177 -200.
1 Biggs, J.B. (1987): Studentapproaches to learning and studying, Research monograph (M); Australian Council forEducational Research; Melbourne.
2 Driver, R.; Guesne, E. & Tiberghien, A (ed.) (1985): Children's ideas inscience (C); London: Open University Press.
3 高凌飚. Conceptions of teaching held by school physics teachers in Guangdongand their relations to student learning (D)；博士论文，1998，香港大学.
4 Kember, D. (1997): A reconceptualisation of the research into universityacademics' conceptions of teaching (J); Learning and Instruction; (Journal of EARLI),7(3), 255-275.
5 Kember, D. & Gow, L. (1994): Orientations to teaching and their effect onthe quality of student learning (J); Journal of Higher Education; 65(1), 58 - 74.
6 Marton, F (1981): Phenomenography-describing conceptions of the world around us(J); Instructional Science 10, 177-200.
7 Marton, F. & Booth, S. (1996): The learner's experience of learning (C); inOlson, D.R.; & Torrance, N. (Eds.)(1996): The Handbook of Education and HumanDevelopment: New Models of Learning, Teaching and Schooling; Oxford: Blackwell; 534-564.
8 Marton, F. and Saljo, R. (1976): On qualitative differences in learning (J);British Journal of Educational Psychology; 46, 4-11 (I), 115-127 (II).
9 Trigwell, K.; Prosser, M. & Waterhouse, F. (1997): Relations betweenteachers' approaches to teaching and students' approaches to learning (J); HigherEducation.
10 Watkins, D. A. (1998): Correlates of approaches to learning: A cross-culturalmetal-analysis (R); Conference Paper, the 16th Congress of the InternationalAssociation for Cross-Cultural Psychology, USA, 1998.
