摘要
目的分析2015年遂宁市麻疹流行病学特征和探讨控制策略,为预防和控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法通过中国麻疹监测系统收集2015年遂宁市病例个案资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析。结果2015年遂宁市报告麻疹病例326例,发病率为9.91/10万,较2008-2014年有所上升。其中船山区麻疹发病率为31.63/10万,是全市发病率最高的区,其城市发病率为44.44/10万,农村发病率为15.54/10万,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1-2月为全市麻疹发病高峰期,然后逐月下降。全市8月龄~14岁占54.91%(179/326),小于8月龄和15岁及以上(45.09%,147/326),以散居儿童、幼托儿童和学生为主,尤其是散居儿童占82.82%(270/326)。全市麻疹成分疫苗0剂次病例占总病例65.03%(212/326)。8月龄~14岁0剂次病例,占所有0剂次病例45.28%(96/212),主要集中在8~11月龄,尤其是8~9月龄。所有病例发病前7~21d去过医疗机构的病例数占总病例数26.99%(88/326)。结论日常工作中,提高8~11月龄儿童含麻疹成分疫苗及时接种率,加强城乡结合部儿童预防接种管理,消除免疫空白。针对麻疹疫情,开展含麻疹成分疫苗补充免疫,科学分析疫情,防止医院内感染,广泛宣传是预防控制麻疹流行的主要措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Suining city in 2015,discuss the strategies for its control and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of measles. Methods The cases in Suining city in 2015 were collected through the Chinese measles monitoring system and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results There were 326 cases of measles reported totally in Suining city in 2015. The incidence rate of measles in Suining city in 2015 was 9. 91 /105 ,which was significantly higher than that from 2008 to 2014. The incidence rate of measles in Chuanshan district is 31. 63 /105 ,which was the highest in Suining city. The incidence rate of urban area was 44. 44 /105 ,and for rural area was 15. 54 /105 in Chuanshan district. The incidence rate of urban area was significantly higher than that of rural area in Chuanshan district. It was in the peak of the incidence rate measles in Suining city during January and February and then decreased month by month. The cases whose were between 8 months year-old and 14 year -old were accounted for 54. 91% ( 179 /326) in Suining city. The cases who were younger than 8 months year -old and was equal or older than 15 year-old accounted for 45. 09% of all cases ( 147 /326) in Suining city. The most cases were the diaspora children,nursery children and school pupils, especially the diaspora children who were accounted for 82. 82% ( 270 /326) .The 0 doses cases of measles-containing vaccine wasaccounted for 65. 03% ( 212 /326) of the total,but 0 doses cases of measles - containing vaccine from 8 months year-old to 14 year-old was accounted for 45. 28% ( 96 /212) ,among them,the children who were about 8-11 months year-old were the majority,especially 8-9 months year-old.The patients who had gone to medical institutions 7-21 days before they were ill were accounted for 26. 99% ( 88 /326). Conclusion The immunization rate timely of measles-containing vaccine among children aged from 8 -11 months in daily work should be improved,the management of children's vaccination in urban and rural areas should be strengthened and the gap of immunization should be eliminated.In response to the measles epidemic,the related medical institutions needed to carry out timely supplementary immunization of measles-containing vaccine and scientificly analyze the epidemic situation,prevented of nosocomial infection and took widely advertising as one of the mainly measures of prevention and control of measles epidemic.
作者
邱小兵
刘文武
梁爱兵
QIU Xiaobing;LIU Wenwu;LIANG Aibing(Suining Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Suining 629000,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》
CAS
2018年第4期217-221,共5页
Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases
关键词
麻疹
流行
控制
measles
epidemic
control
