摘要
1910年代,经由欧战与五四影响,知识界对"帝国主义"的认识逐渐深入,在价值判断上也渐趋统一。不过,此时的知识界对于"帝国主义国家"的认识并未抱持负面态度,特别是在"殖民地"问题上,还存有正面评价。欧战爆发后,知识界对于"帝国主义国家"的认识发生了转变;特别是德、日两国,更成为了国人抨击的对象。伴随着"帝国主义引发欧战"的观念,知识界对于"帝国主义政策"与"殖民地"问题也普遍持批判态度。欧战期间,"军国主义""大……主义""国家主义"还被时人当做"帝国主义"的同义词使用,加深了对"帝国主义"的含义理解。五四运动中,"反日"成为了国人"反帝"斗争的焦点,运动中的"反排外"也体现了国人开始摸索反帝运动的多种形式。总之,1910年代,知识界对帝国主义的认识上承清末,并为1920年代全国性"反帝"观念与运动的兴起奠定了思想基础。
In the 1910 s,under the influence of the European War and the May 4 th Movement,the intellectuals gradually deepened their understanding of " imperialism" and gradually unified their value judgments. However,the intellectuals at that time did not hold a negative attitude towards the understanding of " imperialist countries",and especially made positive comments on the issue of "colonies". After the outbreak of the European War,the intellectuals’ understanding of the " imperialist countries" has changed. In particular,Germany and Japan have become the target of attack by the Chinese people. With the idea that " imperialism triggered the European War",the intellectuals also generally held a critical attitude toward " Imperialist policy" and " colonial" issues. During the European war, " Militarism", " Expansionism" and " Nationalism" were also used as synonyms of "Imperialism",deepening the understanding of the meaning of " Imperialism". During the May 4 th Movement, " anti-Japanese" became the focus of the " anti-imperialist" struggle of the Chinese people. The " anti-xenophobia" in the movement also reflected the various forms of anti-imperialist movements that the Chinese people began to explore. In short,in the 1910 s,the intellectuals’ understanding of imperialism inherited from the late Qing Dynasty,and laid the ideological foundation for the rise of the nationwide " anti-imperialist" concept and movement in the 1920 s.
出处
《苏区研究》
2018年第6期103-116,共14页
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“20世纪史学与中国形象的重构”(13JJD770005)
关键词
知识界
欧战
帝国主义认识
态度转变
五四运动
intellectuals
the European War
understanding of Imperialism
attitude change
the May 4th Movement
