摘要
为探究冬种不同作物、水旱轮作措施对稻田丰产及温室气体减排的影响,本研究设置5种种植模式,即紫云英-早稻-晚稻(CRR)、紫云英-早稻-甘薯‖晚大豆(CRI)、油菜-早稻-晚稻(RRR)、油菜-早稻-甘薯‖晚大豆(RRI)、马铃薯-早稻-晚稻(PRR),采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定稻田CH_4、N_2O的全年排放通量,研究基于冬季不同作物的不同水旱轮作模式对水稻产量、全球增温潜势(GWP)及温室气体排放强度(GHGI)的影响。结果表明,冬种不同作物均能提高早稻的产量,但对晚稻产量基本无影响,其中紫云英对早稻产量增效最好,CRI处理分别较其他处理高1.73%、12.08%、7.48%、10.95%;水旱轮作处理较双季稻处理可以获得更高的产量,RRI处理晚稻产量较其他4个处理分别高22.54%、5.37%、29.83%、27.24%。冬种不同作物对CH_4、N_2O排放无显著影响(P>0.05),水旱轮作显著增加了N_2O排放,显著降低了CH_4排放(P<0.05)。5种种植模式中,RRI处理的GWP最低,且显著低于CRR、RRR、PRR处理(P<0.05),分别低25.54%、29.76%、20.78%。RRI处理的GHGI最低,较其他处理分别显著低32.51%、18.18%、30.77%、20.59%(P<0.05)。综上,RRI处理在增加作物产量、减少稻田温室气体排放方面表现最好。本研究结果为长江中游双季稻区稻田丰产及温室气体减排提供了理论依据。
In order to explore the effects of different winter crops and paddy-upland rotation on rice paddy yield and greenhouse gas emission reduction, cropping patterns were set up as Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice(CRR), Chinese milk vetch-rice-sweet potato‖soybean(CRI), rape-late early rice-late rice(RRR), rape-rice-sweet potato‖soybean(RRI), and potato-early rice-late rice(PRR). Based on the effects of different water-and-dry crop rotation patterns of different crops in winter on rice yield, global warming potential(GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity(GHGI), the annual emission flux of CH4 and N2O in paddy fields was determined by static dark box-gas chromatography. The results showed that different crops in winter could increase the early rice yield, but they had little effect on the late rice yield, among which Chinese milk vetch had the best effect on early rice yield. And CRI treatment was 1.73%, 12.08%, and 7.48% higher than other treatments, respectively. The yield of water and drought rotation treatment was higher than double-season rice treatment, and late rice yield of RRI treatment was 5.37%, 22.54%, 29.83% and 27.24% higher than other treatments, respectively. Different crops in winter had no significant effect on CH4 and N2O emissions(P>0.05), however, the paddy-upland rotation significantly increased N2O emissions and reduced CH4 emissions(P<0.05). Among the 5 planting models, RRI treatment had the lowest GWP, and was 25.54%, 29.76%, and 20.78% lower than CRR, RRR, and PRR treatments, respectively(P<0.05). The GHGI of RRI treatment was the lowest, which was 32.51%, 18.18%, 30.77%, and 20.59% lower than other treatments(P<0.05), respectively. In summary, the effect of RRI treatment on increasing crop yields and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields was the best. The results provided a theoretical basis for high yield and greenhouse gas reduction in the double-crop rice paddy area in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River.
作者
钟川
杨滨娟
张鹏
李萍
黄国勤
ZHONG Chuan;YANG Binjuan;ZHANG Peng;LI Ping;HUANG Guoqin(Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期379-388,共10页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划课题"长江中游双季稻三熟区资源优化配置机理与高效种植模式"(2016YFD0300208)
关键词
水旱轮作
甲烷
氧化亚氮
全球增温潜势
温室气体排放强度
paddy-upland rotation
methane
nitrous oxide
global warming potential
greenhouse gas emissions intensity
