摘要
美国与沙特石油换安全的盟友关系不仅是美国一方做出的决策,也是作为石油生产国和出口国的沙特阿拉伯综合考虑各种内外因素后做出的政治决策。这些因素包括石油大开发时期的经济利益目标、冷战时期的反共产主义目标、伊朗革命后维护地区稳定的需求、"9·11"事件后稳定政权的需求等。作为当前世界上最大的原油储备国之一,沙特阿拉伯的石油政策决策机制具有深刻的国际国内根源,并对国际能源市场和美沙能源安全关系的走向有重要影响。在萨勒曼时代和特朗普政府时期,美沙同盟关系暂时得到加强。未来这一关系将继续维系,但是沙特的新一轮石油政策变动将进一步触动美沙关系的敏感神经。同时,在美国能源地位转变、欧佩克内部分裂、沙特与俄罗斯等非欧佩克国家达成"维也纳联盟"以及美国重新制裁伊朗等因素的共同作用下,美沙能源安全关系将面临更多考验。
The US-Saudi’s oil-for-alley alliance is not only a decision made by the US side,but also a series of political decisions made by Saudi Arabia,an oil producer and exporter,after considering various internal and external factors. These factors include the goals of economic interests in the great period of oil development,the anti-communist goals during the Cold War,the need to maintain regional stability after the Iranian revolution,and the need to stabilize the regime after the 9/11 incident. As one of the world’s largest countries in terms of crude oil reserve,Saudi Arabia’s decision-making mechanism for oil policy has profound international and domestic roots and has an important impact on the direction of the international energy market and the US-Saudi relationship of energy security. During the era of Salman and the Trump administration,the US-Saudi alliance is temporarily strengthened. In the future,this energy security relationship will continue to be maintained,but Saudi Arabia’s new round of oil policy changes will further touch the sensitive nerves of the relationship between the two countries. At the same time,due to the transformation of the US energy status,the internal division of OPEC,the "Vienna Alliance"formed among the non-OPEC countries such as Saudi Arabia and Russia and the renewed sanctions by the United States on Iran and other factors,the US-Saudi Arabia energy security relationship will face more tests.
作者
孙霞
Sun Xia(Institute of International Relations,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《国际关系研究》
2018年第6期76-92,153,共18页
Journal of International Relations
基金
国家社科基金重点项目"中东变局研究:背景
根源
走势
影响及对策"(项目编号:11AZD033)
上海社会科学院课题"沙特<愿景2030>改革及其与‘一带一路’倡议的对接"的阶段性成果
关键词
美沙关系
沙特石油政策
能源安全
US-Saudi Arabia relationship
Saudi Arabia's oil policy
energy security
