摘要
目的噪声作为一种常见的职业性危害因素广泛存在于各工厂企业中,其对劳动者健康的影响是多方面的,长期暴露于噪声环境不仅可造成特异性的听觉损伤,还可对心血管系统、神经系统、内分泌系统及消化系统等产生非特异性影响。本研究探讨噪声作业工人听力损失对血压水平及高血压患病的影响。方法收集深圳市龙华区2017-01-01-2017-12-31某企业1 008名噪声作业工人在岗期间的职业健康检查资料,以听力损失作为累积噪声暴露量的替代指标,经年龄和接噪工龄分层后,分析不同听力损失组和听力正常组的血压值及高血压患病率差异。结果年龄≤40岁的调查对象,听力正常组、高频听损组、语频及高频听损组的收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)分别为(124.0±13.5)、(130.9±11.0)和(132.4±10.5)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义,F=14.411,P<0.001;舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)分别为(75.6±8.7)、(79.2±7.8)和(81.3±6.0)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义,F=11.941,P<0.001;高血压患病率分别为13.1%、26.7%和30.3%,差异有统计学意义,χ2=13.860,P=0.001。听力损失者的SBP、DBP和高血压患病率均高于听力正常者。工龄<5年的听力损失者SBP(F=9.068,P<0.001)、DBP(F=5.676,P=0.004)和高血压患病率(χ2=8.834,P=0.012),以及工龄5～10年的听力损失者SBP(F=6.445,P=0.002)、DBP(F=8.015,P<0.001)和高血压患病率(χ2=9.757,P=0.008),均高于听力正常者。随着听力由正常到高频受损再到累及语频受损,SBP、DBP和高血压患病率均有升高趋势。结论年龄≤40岁、接噪工龄≤10年的噪声作业工人听力损失与血压及高血压有关,需重点关注职业性噪声对年轻工人血压及高血压的影响。
OBJECTIVE Noise,as a common occupational hazard,exists widely in factories and enterprises,and has various effects on workers’ health.Long-term exposure to noise environment can not only cause specific hearing impairment,but also produce non-specific effects on cardiovascular system,nervous system,endocrine system and digestive system.This study aims to explore the effect of noise-induced hearing loss on blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension in noise-exposed workers.METHODS Data from 1 008noise-exposed workers was collected who received the occupational health examination in Longhua CDC of ShenZhen from January 1to December 31 in 2017.Hearing loss was regarded as an indicator of cumulative noise exposure,and the effect of occupational noise-induced hearing loss on blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension were analyzed respectively in workers with different age and duration of exposure.RESULTS In the subjects aged less than 40 years old,systolic blood pressure(SBP)in normal hearing group,high frequency hearing loss group,speech frequency and high frequency hearing loss group were(124.0±13.5),(130.9±11.0)and(132.4±10.5)mm Hg,respectively.The difference was statistically significant,F=14.411,P<0.001.The diastolic blood pressure(DBP)in these three groups respectively were(75.6±8.7),(79.2±7.8)and(81.3±6.0)mm Hg,with a statistically significant difference F=11.941,P<0.001.And the prevalence of hypertension was 13.1%,26.7%and 30.3%,respectively,the difference was also statistically significantχ^2=13.860,P=0.001.The SBP,DBP and prevalence of hypertension in hearing loss subjects were higher than those in normal hearing subjects.In the subjects with duration of exposure less than 5years,SBP(F=9.068,P<0.001),DBP(F=5.676,P=0.004),and the prevalence of hypertension(χ^2=8.834,P=0.012)in hearing loss subjects were higher than those in normal hearing subjects.Also in the subjects with duration of exposure between 5to 10 years,SBP(F=6.445,P=0.002),DBP(F=8.015,P<0.001),and the prevalence of hypertension(χ^2=9.757,P=0.008)in hearing loss subjects were higher than those in normal hearing subjects.With the development of occupational noise-induced hearing loss,blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension had trend of increase.CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between noise-induced hearing loss and blood pressure as well as hypertension in noise-exposed workers below 40 years old or with duration of exposure less than 10 years.It should be specially focused on the effect of occupational noise on blood pressure and hypertension in young workers.
作者
陈智
余永杰
陈自然
CHEN Zhi;YU Yong-jie;CHEN Zi-ran(University Town Community Health Care Center,Shenzhen Xili People 's Hospital,Shenzhen 518055,P.R.China;Outpatient Department of Preventive Health Care,Shenzhen Longhua District Center of Disease Prevention and Control,Shenzhen 518109,P.R.China)
出处
《社区医学杂志》
2018年第20期1517-1520,共4页
Journal Of Community Medicine
基金
龙华区科技创新专项资金项目(2017145)
关键词
职业性噪声
听力损失
血压
高血压
occupational noise
hearing loss
blood pressure
hypertension
