摘要
我国所产原油 80 %以上为凝点较高的含蜡原油和粘稠的重质原油 ,其节能、安全输送一直是我国油气储运界面临的主要技术难题。简要介绍了这两类原油的流动特性及机理 ,概括了原油降凝减阻输送技术研究和应用的现状 ,分析了其发展趋势 ,提出了进一步研究需重点解决的问题。预计化学降凝剂改性仍将是含蜡原油节能安全输送技术的发展方向 ,目前需重点攻克大庆原油改性的难关 ;稠油乳化降粘减阻技术将得到更多的应用 ,在我国目前应重点针对海上油田的油水混输管道开展研究。现有技术的提升、新技术的涌现 ,有赖于基础研究的突破、技术路线的大胆创新和相关学科研究人员的协同攻关。
More than 80% of crude produced in China are those crudes with poor flowability, either waxy crudes with high pour points or viscous heavy crudes. How to transport these crudes safely and with less energy consumption has been a topic for research and development to the petroleum pipeline industry in China, and significant technology development has been made in the past over 40 years, typically the pour point depressant(PPD) technology for waxy crudes. Flow characteristics of these two kinds of crude and the mechanism for their poor flowability are briefly introduced. The up to date research and application of technologies for pour point depression and drag reduction in crude pipelining are summarized, including the PPD technology for waxy crudes, and the dilution pipelining, the oil in water emulsion technology and the core annular flow technology for heavy crudes. Development tendency for these technologies is discussed. Suggestions are made to further studies. It is expected that the PPD technology will continue to be a dominant technology for pipelining waxy crudes safely and with less energy consumption. Presently in China, studies on the PPD technology should be focused on the highly waxy Daqing crude oil, which accounts for about one third of total crude oil production in China. For heavy crude oil pipelining, it is believed that the oil in water emulsion technology will find more application, and exploitation of offshore heavy crude oil fields in the Bohai Sea of China urgently requires that study on this technology be aimed at pipelines concurrently transporting heavy crude oil and produced water. Further updating of existing technologies and emerging of new technologies call for enhanced basic research, innovative ideas and approaches, and multi disciplinary studies. [
出处
《中国工程科学》
2002年第6期71-76,91,共7页
Strategic Study of CAE
