摘要
介绍了中国农村精英的概念,提出了农村精英的具体分类,即可分为党政精英、经济精英、社会精英和文化精英,4种类型的精英中存在着重叠交叉的现象。概述了科学国家化和精英政治化的定义,并在综述了前人研究成果的基础上,界定了精英国家化的含义:国家通过对精英职业的掌控、身份和地位的提升、待遇的改善、思想的同化等方式,把精英纳入国家运行的轨道中,使其为国家的政治目标服务。分析了农村精英面临的3点窘境。一是某些农村党政精英和经济精英高度重合或相互利用,存在大量的权钱交易现象;二是国家对农村社会精英和文化精英的重视程度不够;三是农村经济精英在经商过程中,往往受到一些党政精英的非法盘剥。基于此,笔者提出,农村精英国家化是促进农村经济和社会发展的必然选择。探讨了农村精英国家化的具体方式。①对农村经济精英应采取给予一定政治地位和加强引导的方式;②对农村党政精英应采取提高经济待遇与加强教育监督的方式;③对农村社会精英应采取给予其政治地位和提高其致富能力的方式;④对农村文化精英应采取提高经济收入、政治地位和给予其提升机会等多种方式。
Concept of rural elite in China is introduced.And rural elites are classified into governing elite,economic elite,social elite and cultural elite with phenomenon of overlapping among the four types.Definitions of science nationalization and elite politicalization are introduced.Based on the review of previous research results,meaning of elite nationalization is defined:the state guides elites to join in its operation by means of controlling the elites' occupation,promoting their status,improving their warfare,assimilating their thought and so on,so that elites may serve the political objectives of the state.Predicaments of rural elites are analyzed.Firstly,some rural governing elites and economic elites are high combined,or they use each other to exchange power and money.Secondly,the state pays little attention to the nationalization degree of rural social elite and cultural elite.Thirdly,the rights of economic elites in rural areas are illegally deprived by governing elites when doing business.Based on this,this paper points out that elite nationalization in rural areas is the inevitable choice of promoting rural economic and social development.Concrete models of elite nationalization in rural areas are discussed.Firstly,give certain political status to rural economic elite and strengthen the way of guidance;Secondly,improve the economic income and strengthen the supervision and education on rural governing elite.Thirdly,give certain political status to rural social elite and improve their ability to become rich.Fourthly,improve the economic income and political status of rural cultural elite and offer them opportunities for upward mobility.
关键词
农村精英
精英国家化
必要性
方式
Rural elites in China
Nationalization of elites
Necessity
Model
