摘要
花生生产的成本与收益直接决定了农户的生产行为,成为影响花生稳定供给的关键因素。随着劳动力成本、土地成本的快速上升,我国花生生产成本已经明显超过主要进口国生产成本。研究花生种植成本收益的构成与变化对提高我国花生种植户收益、稳定我国油料产业安全具有重大意义。本文利用1978—2016年花生生产成本收益数据对我国花生种植的成本收益进行了分析。结果表明:土地成本在总成本中所占比重不断上升;人工成本在生产成本中所占比重超过了物质与服务费用,并有进一步扩大之势;种子费仍是直接生产费用中比重最高的项目;机械作业费比重增长较为明显;花生仍是中国单位面积净利润最高的油料作物;不同省份花生生产成本与机会成本存在明显差异。并据此提出了我国花生节本增效的措施与建议。
The cost and benefit of peanut production directly determined the production behavior of farmers, which become a key influencing factor on the stable supply of peanuts. With the rapid rise of labor cost and land cost, the cost of peanut production in China had obviously exceeded that of major importing countries. Studying the formation and change of peanut planting cost and benefit had great significance to raise farmers’ income and to stable oil industry safety. This paper studied the cost and benefit of peanut planting of China using cost-benefit data from 1978 to 2016 of peanut planting. The results showed that the ratio of land cost in total cost was increasing. The proportion of labor cost in the production cost exceeded the material and service cost and had an expanding tendency. The seed fee was still the highest proportion in direct production cost, the proportion of mechanical cost had increased obviously, the net profit of peanuts was still the highest among oil crops in China, there were obvious differences between production cost and opportunity cost in different provinces. On these bases, measures and suggestions for cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing were put forward.
作者
麻悦
苏梦
张怡
Ma Yue;Su Meng;Zhang Yi(College of Management,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
2019年第3期158-166,共9页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
农业部软科学项目"我国花生产业发展问题研究"(20140205)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生产业创新团队基金项目(SDAIT-04-10)
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810435030)
青岛农业大学大学生科技创新项目"中国花生生产成本地区差异影响因素分析"
关键词
花生
成本
收益
趋势分析
比较分析
Peanut
Cost
Benefit
Trend analysis
Comparative analysis
