摘要
城市地区包括建成区和郊区的农村 ,随着城市化的快速发展城市地区景观结构将发生深刻变化。由于人类活动对景观要素的作用方式、作用程度不同 ,其空间格局的转变模式在不同阶段出现一定程度差异。破碎度和分离度能描述景观破碎程度和景观要素斑块之间距离的变化 ,从而分析景观要素空间结构变化 ,多样性指数能分析景观要素的复杂情况。孔隙度指数能分析景观的尺度效应 ,从而分析不同尺度下景观要素的变化情况 ,能更好地分析景观要素变化的空间结构规律。利用 1 986、1 996和 2 0 0 0年三期 TM遥感图像得到海口市景观变化情况 ,在此期间海口市景观结构变化表现为林地、水体、沙地、农田等自然景观向城市、农村居民点和独立工矿建设用地等人文景观的变化。通过比较 1 986～ 1 996和 1 996～ 2 0 0 0年两个阶段景观要素的空间变化规律可以看出 ,林地在 1 986～ 1 996年期间 ,由于人工林的增加 ,孔隙度指数减小 ;1 996～ 2 0 0 0年 ,林地开发较多 ,斑块趋于分散。水体在 1 986～ 1 996年大面积的水体为主 ,1 996～ 2 0 0 0年以小面积为主。农田在两个阶段变化明显 ,1 986～ 1 996年 ,农田被城市、工矿建设用地及开发区占用 ,斑块趋于分散 ;1 996～ 2 0 0 0年由于城市开发受到控制 ,未开发农田被恢复 ,斑块趋?
Urbanization is perhaps one of the most important human activities that creats enormous impacts on environment at the local, regional and global scales. The urbanization process is the urban sprawl and the absorption of adjacent villages into the city. From the 1950s to the 1980s in China there were restrictions on the migration of people from rural to urban areas of the country. These restrictions were due to “the registered permanent residence policy” which in turn limited employment opportunities in Chinese cities. Thus in China the urbanization process was different from that in developed countries. In 1988 the provincial administration and special economic zone were built, a great amount of capital from abroad and other areas of China was invested in Hainan with the favorable tax policies. As the capital, political, economic, cultural and transportation center, the built-up area expanded quickly in Haikou city accompanying with the rapid development of the economy and the real estates. The purpose of the paper was to study the landscape dynamic change pattern during the rapid urbanization process.Haikou is latitude 19°57′04″～20°05′11″ north and longitude 110°10′18″～110°23′05″ east. It is in north Hainan island and border to Qiongzhou strait. The climate is tropical monsoon with the annual precipitation of 1639 mm and average temperature is 23.8℃. Mesa is the main topography, high in south, low in north. In 1998 the total population was 527900 and GNP (Gross National Product) was 1.1 billion Yuan with 20 387 Yuan per capita, 3.3 times of the national and 3.48 times of the provincial. In other words the average economic level of the population in Haikou was higher than that of either the national or the provincial average. Three separate dates of the Landsat TM(Thematic Mapper) imageries in 1986-11-01, 1996-10-01 and 2000-04-30 were interpreted. The path and row of the imagery was 124-46 and weather condition was cloud free. Using the terms of the national land use classification system, landscape was divided into the following categories: forest, grass, cultivated land, water, city, rural settlement, construction site and sand. The topography map of 1∶100 000 in 1996 was based on to interpret the imagery by remote sensing and geographic information system software MGE. The imagery in 1986 and 2000 were interpreted to get the dynamic change map during 1986～1996 and 1996～2000. If the landscape kept stable, the sign was same; if changed, the sign was changed too. For example, 2051 was signed when the landscape of forest was converted into city. The data sets were processed by ARC/INFO.Landscape structure changed dramatically during the past 15 years. During the first period, from 1986～1996, agricultural field, water area and sand decreased rapidly with the increment of urban, rural settlement and construction land. During the second period, from 1996～2000, the forest and water decreased while agricultural field, urban, rural settlement and construction land increased. Thus pattern of change in the landscape structure was the conversion of agricultural field, forest, water, sand into urban, rural settlement, construction land. In sum natural landscape in addition to agricultural fields was converted into human settlement and construction landscape. The total area of 1996 increased because 96.99 hm 2 sea was filled into urban land. Fragmentation F_i ,separation N_i ,lacunarity (r) and diversity index H are each applied to study the landscape spatial change in the periods from 1986 to 1996 and 1996 to 2000. (1) Forest. During the first period F_i decreased and N_i kept stable with the plantation of man-made forest. During the second period forest acreage decreased by 15.65% with the conversion of agricultural field, urban and construction land, so F_i and N_i increased. Forest lacunarity index decreased slowly in the first period and increased in the second. It was accordant with the fragmentation law. When the dimension was 300～1500 m, the index decreased quickly. As a result larger forest patch
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第7期1028-1034,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院知识创新资助项目 ( KZCX1 -Y-0 2 )
中国科学院遥感应用研究所创新资助项目 ( CX0 0 0 0 0 9)
