摘要
目的分析广西壮族自治区2005—2012年流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）流行特征,评价乙脑控制策略的效果。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析乙脑流行特征,对实施国家扩大免疫规划前后的流行特征进行比较,同时对当地曾经采取的季节性突击接种、普种、应急接种、常规接种免疫及建立监测系统等控制乙脑流行策略的效果进行评价。结果 8年间发生乙脑1 135例,年平均发病率为0.29/10万;2005—2012年乙脑发病率呈逐年下降趋势,以年均16.80%速度递减。实施扩大免疫规划后发病高峰日（7月1日）延后,流行高峰期（6月2日至7月29日）延长;乙脑疫区范围逐渐缩小;5-7岁儿童发病率至2012年维持在较高水平（1.11/10万-1.79/10万）,将成为乙脑高危人群。结论通过监测系统的建立与国家扩大免疫规划策略的实施,消除了乙脑暴发与流行,打破流行周期,发病率降至历史最低水平。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of epidemic encephalitis B in Guangxi Zhuang minority autonomous region during 2005—2012 and to evaluate the control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to compare epidemic characteristics before and after conducting the national expanded program of immunization. Then all the strategies conducted by local department including seasonal vaccination enhancing,ordinary vaccination,emergency vaccination,regular vaccination and monitor system establishing were evaluated. Results During2005- 2012,a total of 1135 cases were recorded with the annual average incidence of 0. 29 /100000 and this rate declined every year by 16. 80%. Additionally,the incidence rate was seasonal. The peak day（ July 1st） of incidence and the peak period（ June 2nd- July 29th） of epidemic were delayed after conducting the expanded program of immunization. The scope of epidemic- stricken area was narrowed down. However,the incidence was still high（ 1. 11 - 1. 79 /100,000） in the group of children aged 5- 7 years. Conclusion The outbreak and epidemic of epidemic encephalitis B were terminated owing to the establishment of monitor system and immunity strategy. The epidemic circle was broken and the incidence rate dropped to its lowest level in history.
出处
《浙江预防医学》
2014年第7期675-678,共4页
Zhejiang Journal of Preventive Medicine
关键词
流行性乙脑炎
流行特征
控制策略
Epidemic encephalitis B
Epidemic characteristics
Control strategy
