全面深化改革的理论预设:重新认识市场经济模式被引量：6

Theoretical Presupposition of Comprehensively Deepening Reform:New Understanding of Market-economy Mode

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摘要全国经济哲学研究会和本刊编辑部,近期组织上海和全国哲学、经济学、历史学和政治学的学者围绕着'社会主义'与'市场经济'的关系问题展开讨论。学者们从不同学科与角度出发阐明了他们的观点。张雄教授认为,把资本主义社会必然与市场经济模式相勾连,社会主义社会必然与计划经济模式相勾连,是概念认识的模糊;市场经济模式并不是资本主义制度的专利,社会主义与资本主义同属于马克思所说的'人对物'的依赖阶段,二者对市场经济运行模式的选择都具有必然性。市场经济运行模式与社会主义关联更能够发挥市场优势。姜义华教授认为,劳动价值是社会主义的原点和本质,而等量劳动价值的交换是市场经济的本质。社会主义和市场经济正是在劳动价值本体上的交集。随着知识型劳动、经营管理型劳动越来越发展,地位越来越重要,劳动首次具有了有可能真正制约资本的能力。张宇教授认为,从最广泛、最一般的意义上讲,社会主义是以社会利益为目标的社会,因此必然具有超越市场的性质。但具体而言,社会主义概念的多元化决定了社会主义与市场经济之间关系的复杂化。权衡教授认为,社会主义与市场经济有机结合的根本目的是为了更好地发挥社会主义优越性,这是社会主义市场经济改革发展的根本要义,目前这个任务显然还远未完成。正在推进的全面深化改革的伟大战略,就是继续推进社会主义与市场经济真正有机结合,真正发挥出社会主义更加公平、更有效率的优越性。孙力教授认为,从唯物史观来看,社会主义市场经济应当高于社会主义计划经济,中国特色社会主义剥离了市场经济的制度属性,用'制度—功能'的联动评判有效地定位社会主义和与市场的耦合。鲁品越教授认为,社会主义市场经济要用社会主义力量驾驭资本,形成其与资本主义市场经济的六大区别:在生产目的上以人为本,以资本增值为手段;在所有制上以公有制为主体,各种所有制形式共同发展;在政治上使政权掌握在代表人民利益的政党手中;在宏观调控上实行深层的结构调控;在分配领域体现以按劳分配为主;在人与自然的关系上通过资源与环境的再生产克服生态危机。 The National Association of Economic Philosophy and Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics recently organized scholars in philosophy,economics,history and politics from Shanghai and other areas to make the discussion focusing on the relationship between socialism and market economy.Scholars stated their views from different disciplines and perspectives.Professor Xiong Zhang considers that the inevitable combination of capitalist society & market-economy mode and socialist society & planned-economy mode is the fuzzy concept understanding;market-economy mode is not the patent of capitalist system;both of socialism and capitalism belong to the phase of people's dependence on matter as Marx said and their combination with market-economy mode is featured by necessity.Market-economy mode with socialism can better take advantage of the market.Professor Yihua Jiang states that labor value is the origin and nature of socialism,and the exchange of the same amount of labor value is the nature of market economy.The intersection of socialism and market economy lies in labor value.With the development and importance of knowledge-based and managementbased labor,labor has the capacity to possibly really restrict capital for the first time.Professor Yu Zhang shows that in the most comprehensive and general sense,socialism is a society aiming at social interests,so it inevitably transcends the market.But specifically speaking,the diversification of the concept of socialism determines the complexity of the relationship between socialism and market economy.Professor Heng Quan states that the critical aim of the organic combination of socialism and market economy lies in better exertion of the excellence of socialism which is the fundamental gist of the reform of socialist market economy;at present this target is obviously far from success.The ongoing great strategy of comprehensively deepening reform is to continue to advance the real organic combination of socialism and market economy and exert the excellence of socialism,namely more fairness and higher efficiency.Professor Li Sun states that from the perspective of materialism,socialist market economy should be higher than socialist planned economy and socialism with Chinese characteristics peels off the institutional attribute of market economy.The interaction criticism of institution and function effectively positions the coupling of so-cialism and market.Professor Pinyue Lu states that socialist market economy should use socialist power to control capital and forms six differences from capitalist market economy:people-oriented production purpose by means of capital appreciation;public ownership accompanied by other ownership;political power grasped by the political party representing people's interests;deep structure control;work-based distribution;a solution to ecological crisis through reproduction of resources and environment in the aspect of the relationship between human and nature.