摘要
于2009—2011年采用固定样方和随机样方取样的方法研究了山东肥城、河北永年和河南新乡3个地区冬小麦田节节麦的出苗规律及在田间的消长动态,同时研究了不同密度的节节麦对小麦生长的竞争效应。结果表明,节节麦的出苗、分蘖、株高和鲜重的变化与温度密切相关。节节麦有2个出苗高峰期,分别在冬前10月下旬—11月上旬和春季3月下旬—4月上旬。节节麦单株有效分蘖在山东省、河北省及河南省分别多于小麦3.0、3.4个/株和2.2个/株。节节麦对小麦产量的影响主要是通过抑制小麦的有效穗数而实现,对千粒重影响不明显,当节节麦密度为640穗/m2时,小麦产量损失率达28.38%。
Tausch＇s goatgrass （Aegilops tauschii Coss.）, an annual or perennial grass weed, is an invasive alien species and a close relative to wheat （Triticum aestivum）. The morphology and biological characteristics of Tausch＇s goatgrass is very similar to wheat. It becomes a serious problem weed in wheat fields due to strong competitive ability with wheat for water, light, nutrients and space. Now, an estimated 330000 hm2 of winter wheat fields are infested in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, and Shaanxi provinces. Lack of efficient herbicides and easily spreading with wheat seeds made it will be the worst weed species in winter wheat fields. The occurrence of Tausch＇s goatgrass and its competitive effect on the growth of winter wheat were studied in Shandong, Hebei, and Henan provinces, from 2009 to 2011. The dynamics of emergence, tillering, plant height and fresh weight of Tausch＇s goatgrass were highly temperature dependant. There were two main peaks of seedling emergence for Tausch＇s goatgrass, one before winter, from late October to early November, and the other in spring, from late March to early April. In late October to early November, the weekly average temperature was between 16.2 and 11.6 ℃. During this period, Tausch＇s goatgrass reached the highest seedling emergence rate of 218.7 plants/m2 per week, accounting for 27.2% of the total annual emergence in Feicheng of Shandong province. Tausch＇s goatgrass seedlings did not emerge when the weekly average temperature was below 5 ℃. The amount of seedling emergence before winter accounts for 87% of the total annual emergence. At 35 d after wheat seeding, Tausch＇s goatgrass and wheat simultaneously entered the tillering stage and alternately reached the tillering peak. Their tillering ended in early December, when the weekly average temperature was between 3.4 and 11.9 ℃. Tausch＇s goatgrass formed 5.1, 4.2, and 4.4 tillers per plant in Shandong, Hebei, and Henan provinces, respectively. It developed more tillers than wheat, which developed 3.8, 3.2, and 3.2, for each province, respectively. The tillering ability of Tausch＇s goatgrass is stronger than wheat, developing 3.0, 3.4 and 2.2 more effective tillers than wheat in Shandong, Hebei and Henan province, respectively. The ear density of wheat compared to Tausch＇s goatgrass showed a negative correlation, where an increase of ear density of Tausch＇s goatgrass was reflected by a gradual reduction of the ear density of wheat. The impact of Tausch＇s goatgrass on wheat yield was primarily through inhibiting the effective ears of wheat. It had no significant effect on 1000-seed weight. When Tausch＇s goatgrass density reached 640 spikes/m2, the yield of wheat decreased by 28.38%.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第14期3917-3923,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD19B02)
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD08A09)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022
200903004)资助
关键词
节节麦
发生动态
小麦
产量
Aegilops tauschii
occurrence
wheat
yield
