摘要
作物应对干旱胁迫时,气孔在协调蒸腾和光合作用方面起到了关键作用。越来越多的研究者们开始关注气孔行为与植物抗旱能力之间的关系。在农业生产上,研究者们通过不同方式调节气孔运动和改善气孔微环境,在提高作物抗旱性的同时促进作物产量形成。其中提高作物抗旱能力的一种有效方式就是使用抗蒸腾剂。本文介绍了近些年研究较多的成膜型抗蒸腾剂和代谢型抗蒸腾剂的作用机理,并对两类抗蒸腾剂的应用效果进行了比较。最后提出了抗蒸腾剂研究新动向,一是数学模型在抗蒸腾剂研究中的应用,将抗蒸腾剂对植物作用分解为环境因子变化并引入光合作用-蒸腾作用-气孔导度耦合模型,从而建立抗蒸腾剂新品种快速筛选与适用性评估机制的可能性;二是通过红外测温法评估抗蒸腾剂效果,红外测温法能够快速获得大面积植被蒸腾瞬时信息且测温仪便于携带,在田间试验中可用于喷施抗蒸腾剂后作用效果连续观察,并且基于测定数据计算作物水分亏缺指数(CWSI)在抗蒸腾剂改变作物抗旱能力研究方面具有较高应用价值。最后指出未来抗蒸腾剂研究应针对作物不同生育阶段特点与生产要求,建立包括多种抗蒸腾剂品种在内的组合使用方法,进一步扩大抗蒸腾剂应用范围,优化其使用效果。
Under drought conditions, stomata is critical for regulating plant metabolism as it regulates both photosynthesis and transpiration. A considerable amount of research has focused on the regulating behavior of stomatal in strengthening the degree of drought resistance of crops. Research results suggested that crop regulatory systems established the appropriate balance between photosynthesis and water loss. While applications of plant anti-transpirants had potential limits on plant water consumption, it hardly restricted leaf photosynthesis. Thus this study reviewed recent advances in physiological mechanisms and agricultural applications of plant anti-transpirants. The action mechanisms of film-forming anti-transpirants and metabolic anti-transipirants were introduced and compared also. The possibility of evaluating the influences of anti-transpirants using environmental factors was discussed. Also discussed was the possibility of integrated environmental factors into the photosynthesis-transpiration-stomatal conductance models so as to establish the mechanisms of selecting more efficient and suitable crop anti-transpirants. The ease of use and portability of infrared thermometry in obtaining instantaneous transpiration data at large spatial scales made it applicable in evaluating the impacts of anti-transpirants and crop water stress index （CWSI）. The use of infrared thermometry in calculating infrared dates made it a valuable tool for evaluating changes in crop drought stress. Finally, it was recommended to focus future research on anti-transpirants on the characteristics of crops at different growth phases and production requirements. It was also important to establish a standard procedure for using different combinations of anti-transpirants for expanded applications and optimized functions.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第8期938-944,共7页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077)
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100502-4)资助
