摘要
【目的】研究生物炭对新疆灰漠土和风沙土土壤微生物多样性及与氮素转化相关功能菌和功能酶的影响。【方法】室内恒温箱进行70 d培养。【结果】(1)在灰漠土上,不施氮肥的对照与生物炭处理对细菌数量无显著影响(P>0.05);与单施氮肥的对照相比,生物炭配施氮肥显著增加了24.49%细菌数量(P<0.05);但无论施氮与否,生物炭对放线菌和真菌数量均呈降低趋势(P>0.05)。在风沙土上,无论施生物炭与否,对细菌数量无显著影响(P>0.05);但生物炭对放线菌和真菌数量影响差异显著(P<0.05),呈增加趋势。(2)培养结束后土壤Biolog碳源利用测定显示,施用生物炭两种土壤微生物多样性有差异(P<0.05)。单施生物炭和生物炭配施氮肥均可提高两种土壤微生物群落的丰富度。(3)在灰漠土上,单施生物炭和生物炭配施氮肥处理对自生固氮菌、氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌均有显著促进作用(P<0.05)。在风沙土上除亚硝化细菌差异不显著外,单施生物炭和生物炭配施氮肥对自生固氮菌和氨化细菌有显著促进作用(P<0.05)。两种土壤上单施生物炭和生物炭配施氮肥处理反硝化细菌数量均呈降低趋势。(4)在灰漠土上,单施生物炭和生物炭配施氮肥处理对脲酶有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),对蛋白酶有显著促进作用(P<0.05);在风沙土上,这两种处理对脲酶无明显影响,但对蛋白酶有显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。【结论】生物炭能提高新疆灰漠土和风沙土与氮素转化相关的土壤微生物多样性,生物炭配施氮肥优于单施生物炭,灰漠土优于风沙土。
[ Objective ] This project aims to study the effects of biochar on soil microbial diversity and functional bacteria and enzymes related with N transformation in grey desert soil and aeolian sandy soil in Xin- jiang. [ Method] Incubation method for 70 days. [ Result] （1） In grey desert soil,compared with no fertilizer treatment, the numbers of bacteria of single biochar treatment were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05 ）.Compared with single nitrogen fertilization treatment, nitrogen fertilization and biochar treatment were in- creased significantly by 24.49% （P 〈 0.05 ）. Whether nitrogen applied or not, effects of biochar on the numbers of actinomycetes and fungi were decreased （ P 〉 O. 05 ）. In aeolian sandy soil, whether biochar applied or not, the numbers of bacteria were not significantly different （ P 〉 0.05）. But effects of biochar on the num- bers of actinomycetes and fungi were significantly increased （P 〈 0.05）. （2） After incubation time, carbon utilizations of soil microbial community showed that soil microbial diversities were significantly different by ap- plying biochar in both kinds of the soils （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Single biochar treatment and nitrogen fertilization and biochar treatment could improve microbial community richness index. （3）The amounts of azotobacter, ammo- niation and nitrobacteria in single biochar treatment and nitrogen fertilization and biochar treatment were in- creased significantly （P 〈 0.05） in grey desert soil. Except for the amount of nitrobacteria, the amounts of a- zotobacter and ammoniation in single biochar treatment and nitrogen fertilization and biochar treatment were in- creased significantly in aeolian sandy soil （ P 〈 0.0S ）. But the amounts of denitrifying in single biochar treat- ment and nitrogen fertilization and biochar treatment were decreased in two soils. （4） Urease activities were obviously decreased, but protease activities were obviously increased by single biochar treatment and nitrogen fertilization and biochar treatment in grey desert soil （P 〈 0.05）. Urease activities were not significantly dif- ferent, but protease activities were obviously increased by single biochar treatment and nitrogen fertilization and biochar treatment in aeolian sandy soil （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. [ Conclusion ] In brief, biochar could improve soil microbial diversities related with N transfor marion in grey desert soil and aeolian sandy soil. Result of nitrogen fertilization and biochar treatment was better than the single biochar treatment and grey desert soil was better than aeolian sandy soil.
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第5期926-934,共9页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金(41261065
41161055)
新疆农科院优秀青年科技人才基金(xjnky-2012-033)
新疆农科院重点实验室建设(xjnkkl-2013-001)
关键词
生物炭
微生物
氮素转化
多样性
灰漠土
风沙土
biochar
soil microbe
N transformation
diversity
grey desert soil
aeolian sandy soil
