摘要
目的分析2006~2011年福建省麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后非目标人群麻疹流行病学特征,为消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,分析国家疾病监测信息报告系统中福建省麻疹疫苗强化免疫前（2006~2008年）和强化免疫后（2009~2011年）非目标人群麻疹病例的流行病学特征。结果麻疹疫苗强化免疫后,福建省全人群麻疹年均报告发病率下降了95.65%,非目标人群麻疹年均报告发病率下降了92.97%;麻疹强化免疫后,非目标人群麻疹发病呈高度散发,但仍以春季为主,占病例总数的53.75%;所有地市非目标人群报告发病率均大幅下降,下降幅度在84.61%~98.59%之间,地区分布以经济发达地区福州市,经济欠发达地区宁德、南平市为主;发病人群以异地户籍为主,占病例总数的66.87%,与强化免疫前差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;性别、年龄、职业构成与强化免疫前差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论强化免疫有正向外延效应,能大幅降低非目标人群发病率,后续应加强常规免疫、强化监测和应急处置,维持高群体免疫力,特别要关注人员流动频繁、边远贫困的地区以及流动人口,才能实现消除麻疹的目标。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of non-target population before and after measles vaccine Supplementory Immunization Activities（SIAs）from 2006 to 2011 in Fujian Province,China,and provide a basis for measles elimination strategy. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of patients with measles in non-target population in Fujian Province collected from national information system for disease surveillance 3 years before（2006 ~ 2008）and after（2009 ~ 2011）SIAs were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results After the SIAs,the annually mean incidence rate of measles in the whole population in Fujian Province decreased by 95. 65%,while that in nontarget population by 92. 97%. The cases of measles in non-target population were in scatter,of which 53. 75% appeared in spring. The reported incidence rates in non-target population in prefecture-level cities decreased by 84. 61% ~ 98. 59%.The cases were mainly distributed in developed Fuzhou City before SIAs,while in underdeveloped Ningde and Nanping Cities after SIAs. A portion of 66. 87% of cases after SIAs appeared in floating population,which showed significant difference with that before SIAs（P〈0. 05）. However,no significant differences were observed in the sex,age and occupational compositions of cases before and after SIAs（P〈0. 05）. Conclusion SIAs showed extension positive effect,which deceased the incidence in non-target population remarkably. To achieve the goal of measles elimination,routine immunization,surveillance and emergency measures should be strengthened to maintain a high immunity in population and,especially,more attention should be paid to the areas with a large floating population as well as remote and poor areas.
出处
《中国生物制品学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2014年第7期932-935,939,共5页
Chinese Journal of Biologicals
关键词
麻疹
强化免疫
非目标人群
流行病学特征
Measles Supplementory Immunization Activities（SIAs） Non-target population Epidemiological characteristics
