摘要
针对浮式生产系统(FPSO)生产运行过程中潜在的油气泄漏及火灾、爆炸等连锁风险,基于CFD方法建立油气处理系统泄漏天然气爆燃事故后果预测与评估模型,对特定事故场景条件下的天然气爆燃特性进行模拟和分析,研究爆炸超压、火焰温度及热辐射的发展规律,确定各危害指标影响区域及人员安全区域。研究表明,爆燃超压总变化趋势为一次超压阶段→负压阶段→二次超压阶段→基本稳定;原油热处理器泄漏端区域受超压影响最严重,最高达到12.5 kPa;爆燃超压对人体伤害的最小安全半径为R=16.3 m;30 s后天然气爆燃发展成为稳定的池火燃烧状态;火焰温度和热辐射的主要影响区域均集中在原油热处理器下部壁面、其对应的生产甲板以及电脱盐器、电脱水器喂给泵、海水冷却器等邻近设备表面,持续作用下将对船体和设备结构造成严重损坏;火焰温度和热辐射对人体伤害的最小安全半径分别为R=32.8m和R=57.1m,结合研究结果从工程应用角度提出适当建议。
Floating production storage and offloading （FPSO） operation has potential risks of chain accidents such as fire and explosion caused by oil and gas leakage. This study develops a computational fluid dynamics （CFD）-based model for predicting and evaluating the outcome of deflagration accident caused by gas leakage in crude oil treatment system of FPSO. The CFD model is then used for simulation of gas deflagration characteristics and the results are analyzed to identify the development law of overpressure, flame temperature, and thermal radiation in specific accident scenarios, as well as to determine the impact zone of various indicators and personnel safety zone. In the time course, overpressure generally varies in the following phases：first overpressure → negative pressure→ second overpressure→ stable state. The area near the leakage point of crude oil thermal theater is affected by overpressure most severely, where the highest overpressure is up to 12.5 kPa. The minimal safety radius for avoiding human body hurt by overpressure is 16.3 m. It takes 30 s for gas deflagration to develop into pool fire in a steady state. The main impact zones of flame temperature and thermal radiation are located at the bottom wall of crude oil thermal theater, the corresponding process deck, and the nearby equipment including electric desalter, electric dehydrator feed pumps, and sea water cooler. Continuous action of such loads will substantially damage the ship body and associated equipment. The minimal safety radius for avoiding human body hurt by flame temperature and thermal radiation are 32.8 and 57. 1 m, respectively. Finally, recommendations for improving engineering applications of FPSO are given.
出处
《石油学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期786-794,共9页
Acta Petrolei Sinica
基金
国家安全生产监督管理总局2012年安全科技"四个一批"项目(2012-507)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(09CX05008A)资助
