摘要
基于河北省衡水市连续4年8季小麦-玉米轮作体系施肥定位试验,研究多年控释氮肥减氮施肥以及不同施肥措施对小麦、玉米籽粒产量和土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明：肥料追施与一次性基施作物产量无显著差异,减氮30%控释氮肥较常量速效氮肥产量有2季显著增加,其他季无显著差异;施氮肥可显著增加0-40cm土壤硝态氮含量,并且速效氮肥60%底施,40%追施处理较速效氮肥一次底施处理显著增加20-40cm土壤硝态氮含量,控释氮肥减氮30%处理表层土壤硝态氮含量与常量速效氮肥一次底施处理相比未显著下降,而深层土壤硝态氮含量较常量速效氮肥一次底施处理减少44.15%∽89.21%,说明控释氮肥可有效控制硝态氮淋失;常量速效氮肥一次底施处理较其他施氮处理显著降低表层土壤pH;施氮肥对土壤全氮、有机质、全磷、有效磷含量无显著影响;对0-20cm土壤速效钾含量影响较大。速效氮肥基施加追施处理较常量速效氮肥一次底施处理可减缓土壤酸化进程,表层速效钾含量有所降低。综上,连续多年减氮30%施用控释氮肥较常量速效氮肥处理作物产量和土壤养分状况并未出现显著差异。
Based on a four years long-term fertilizer experiment of wheat-corn rotation system in Hengshui city, Hebei province, the effects of reducing N application by using controlled released urea （CRU） and different fertilization practices on wheat-corn yield and soil nutrient status were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the crop yield between the treatments of basal application once and basal application plus one dressing application of the fertilizers. The treatment of CRU application reduced 30% N （CRU70%） increased the wheat-corn yield significantly in two seasons while the wheat/corn yields did not change significantly in the other seasons. Appling nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen （NO3 --N） content in 0--40 cm soil layers compared to the no N treatment （CK）. Basal application of 60 % nitrogen fertilizer and additional dressing application of 40% nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the content of NO3---N in 20--40 cm soil layer. The content of NO3- --N showed no significant difference between the treatments of CRUT0% and common urea nitrogen applied constantly （Urea100%）. Treatment of CRU70 % restrained the NO3- --N leaching effectively and the content of soil NO3--N in deep soil reduced 44.15%--89.21% compared with the treatment of Urea100%. The treatment of Urea100% significantly reduced top soil pH compared with other treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer application showed no significant effect on the contents of soil total nitrogen, organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus. Compared with treatment of Urea100%, treatment of Urea60%＋40% retarded the course of soil acidification and reduced the content of available potassium in surface soil. So there was no significant difference on crop yield and soil nutrient regime of wheat-corn rotation system between the treatments of CRU70% and Urea100%.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期115-121,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B01
2011BAD11B02)
国家"948"重点项目(2011-G30)
山东省自主创新成果转化重大专项(2012ZHZX1A0408)
关键词
减氮施肥
控释氮肥
产量
小麦-玉米轮作
土壤养分
long-term fertilizer experiment~ controlled release nitrogen fertilizer
crop yield
wheat-corn rota-tion
soil nutrient regime
