摘要
[目的]了解上海市闵行区居民家庭饮用水消费结构及其卫生状况,为有针对性地开展饮用水卫生监测及监督提供依据。[方法]采用分层抽样方法抽取闵行区的270户居民进行问卷调查,并采集53户居民饮用水水样进行水质检测。[结果]从单一饮水模式看,闵行区居民家庭(以户为单位)饮用水消费结构以市政供水为主(占70%),其次为家用净水器净化水(占18.1%)和瓶(桶)装水(占7.4%),消费较少的为现制现售水(占3.3%)和饮料(1.1%),且此消费结构在不同镇(街道)类型间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.073,P<0.001);从复合饮水模式看,闵行区居民家庭饮用水消费结构主要由市政供水(占34.4%)、市政供水与饮料(占31.8%)、净化水与饮料(占9.3%)以及净化水(占8.5%)组成。此外,抽查显示,除市政供水和反渗透家用净水器净化水水样检测指标均合格外,其余类型饮用水水质均存在指标超标的现象,其中,瓶(桶)装饮用水及瓶(桶)装饮用纯净水水样中菌落总数均超标,超标率分别为50.0%和75.0%;一般净水器出水水样中检出菌落总数、总大肠菌群及锌超标,超标率分别为25.0%、10.0%和15.0%;现制现售水水样中细菌总数超标,超标率为25.0%。[结论]闵行区居民饮用水消费结构以市政供水为主,且存在地区差异,应因地制宜地加强瓶(桶)装水、家用净化水及现制现售水的卫生监测与监督。
[Objective] To analyze drinking water consumption structure and sanitary condition in Minhang District of Shanghai, and to provide reference for hygiene surveillance and supervision. [Methods] Households（n=270） from Minhang District of Shanghai were recruited by stratified random sampling technique for a questionnaire survey on drinking water consumption structure, and drinking water samples were collected from 53 households and analyzed for hygienic quality. [Results] In the households utilizing single sourced drinking water, the municipal water supply accounted for the largest proportion of drinking water consumption structure（70%）, followed by in-house purifier treated water（18.1%）, bottled or barreled water（7.4%）, water from instant purified water vending stations（3.3%）, and beverage（1.1%）, respectively, and there was a significant difference in drinking water consumption structure among households categorized by type of town neighborhood（χ2=35.073, P 0.001）. In the households utilizing mixed sourced drinking water, the leading compositions of drinking water consumption structure were municipal water supply（34.4%）, municipal water supply and beverage（31.8%）, in-house purifier treated water and beverage（9.3%）, as well as inhouse purifier treated water（8.5%）. Moreover, all water hygiene indices met the corresponding national drinking water safety limits in samples of municipal water supply and reverse osmosis in-house purifier treated water, while at least one hygiene index was found unqualified in other types of drinking water. The unqualified rates of standard plate-count bacteria were 50.0% and 75.0% for bottled/barreled drinking water and bottled/barreled purified water, respectively; the unqualified rates of standard plate-count bacteria, total coliforms, and zinc were 25.0%, 10.0%, and 15.0% respectively for in-house purifier treated water; the unqualified rate of standard plate-count bacteria was 25.0% for the water samples from instant purified water vending stations. [Conclusion] Municipal water supply is most widely used, and significant differences in drinking water consumption structure exist among households categorized by type of town neighborhood. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the hygiene surveillance and supervision of bottled/barreled water, in-house purifier treated water, and water products of instant purified water vending stations.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2014年第8期614-617,共4页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
上海市闵行区卫生局课题项目(编号:2012MW42)
关键词
饮用水
消费结构
卫生
居民
家庭
drinking water
consumption structure
sanitary
resident
household
