摘要
为探明休闲期覆盖配施磷肥对土壤水分运行规律、小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响,在山西省闻喜县进行了休闲期覆盖与不覆盖条件下75 kg（P2O5）·hm-2、112.5 kg（P2O5）·hm-2、150 kg（P2O5）·hm-23个施磷量的田间试验。结果表明：与不覆盖相比,休闲期覆盖后,播种—孕穗期0-100 cm土壤蓄水量显著提高,小麦播种期提高38-41 mm;增加施磷量,越冬—孕穗期土壤蓄水量提高,尤其拔节期40-100 cm土层。覆盖后,播种—拔节期土壤贮水减少量及其占整个生育期比例显著提高,拔节—开花期土壤贮水减少量增加;增加施磷量,拔节—开花期土壤贮水减少量及其比例显著提高,开花—成熟期80-100 cm土层贮水减少量显著提高。覆盖后增加施磷量,产量和水分利用效率显著提高,产量提高1 452 kg·hm-2,水分利用效率提高16%。覆盖配施磷肥条件下,拔节—开花期60-100 cm、开花—成熟期80-100 cm土层贮水减少量与产量呈极显著相关。因此认为,旱地小麦休闲期覆盖有利于蓄积休闲期降雨,提高底墒,可实现伏雨春夏用;覆盖促进小麦生育前期和中期吸收土壤水分;增施磷肥有利于提高土壤水分,促进小麦生育后期深层吸水;旱地小麦休闲期覆盖配施磷肥150 kg·hm-2有利于蓄水保墒,达到增产、高效的目的。
To explore the effects of water-osmotic plastic film mulching in fallow period and phosphorus fertilization on soil water storage and movement, grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland wheat, field trial was conducted in Wenxi County, Shanxi Province. A split plot design was used in the trial and the mulching condition assigned to the main plot and the phosphorus fertilization rate assigned to the sub-plot. The experiment included three phosphorus fertilization levels during wheat growth period,which were 75 kg（P2O5）·hm-2, 112.5 kg（P2O5）·hm-2 and 150 kg（P2O5）·hm-2. Two mulching conditions were set up for each fertilization treatment — water-osmotic plastic film mulching and no mulching in fallow period. Each mulching-fertilization treatment replicated three times. The results showed significant increase in soil water storage in the 0-100 cm layer under mulching treatment from sowing stage to booting stage. The soil water storage increased 38-41 mm at sowing stage compared with no mulching treatment. Increased phosphorus fertilization rate enhanced soil water storage from wintering stage to booting stage, it especially obvious for the 40-100 cm soil layer at elongation stage. Water-osmotic plastic film mulching in fallow period promoted decrement of soil water and its percentage of that of the whole growth period from sowing stage to elongation stage, and inhibited soil water decrement from elongation stage to anthesis stage. Increasing phosphorus fertilization rate significantly enhanced soil water decrement and its percentage of that of the whole growth period from elongation stage to anthesis stage. The decrement of soilwater in 80-100 cm layer also increased significantly from anthesis stage to maturity stage with the increased phosphorus fertiliza tion rate. Under mulching treatment, wheat yield increased 1 452 kg·hm- 2, water use efficiency improved by 16%,compared with those of the no mulching treatment. With the increasing of phosphorus fertilization rate, both yield and water use efficiency improved significantly. Under the combination of mulching and phosphorus fertilization, the decrement of soil water in60-100 cm layer from elongation stage to anthesis stage and that in 80-100 cm layer from anthesis stage to maturity stage significantly correlated with wheat yield. These results suggested that mulching in fallow period in dryland be beneficial for water storage and conservation of rainfall in fallow period, which made it possible for wheat to use the rainfall in fallow period in spring and summer. Mulching in fallow period was also helpful for wheat to absorb soil moisture in early and middle growth periods.Increasing phosphorus fertilization improved wheat absorbing soil moisture in deep layer in later growth period. Mulching in fallow period combined with 150 kg（P2O5）·hm-2phosphorus fertilization in dryland wheat improved soil water retention capacity, increased wheat production and efficiency.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第10期1139-1145,共7页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24)
公益性行业科研专项经费(201303104)
国家自然科学基金(31101112)
山西省青年基金(2010021028-3)资助
关键词
旱地小麦
休闲期
覆盖
施磷量
土壤水分
产量
Dryland wheat
Fallow period
Mulching
Phosphorus fertilization rate
Soil water
Yield
