摘要
综述了中国气候变化特点及气候变化对人口直接或间接的健康影响的研究进展,着重介绍了气候变化对传播性疾病的发病率和影响范围变动,气温变动对非传播性疾病发病率和死亡率的影响,对儿童、老年等脆弱人群的直接影响,以及通过影响环境和农作物产量对人口健康产生的间接影响。随着气温升高,传播性疾病发病率提高,影响的空间和时间范围扩大。热浪或寒潮都会增加不同类型非传播性疾病的发病率及死亡率,带来负面影响。儿童、老年及其他体弱的人,面对气候变化,承受力弱,容易产生负面健康效应。气候变暖对空气、水和土壤等环境会造成一定负面影响,从而可能对人体健康带来危害。农作物产量在气候变化时期波动性大,需要注意其对人体营养摄入的影响。最后提出本领域中未来应进一步研究的建议,包括在研究方向方面,研究除疾病外的其他健康的影响、不同社会经济层次的研究对象、城市化带来的影响等,在研究方法方面,建议加强实证研究、交叉学科建设、加强对干预理论和方法的研究等。
This paper reviews the studies of features of climate change in China, as well as direct or indirect effects of climate change on population health, to highlight the changes in the incidence rate and spread of communicable diseases, and the direct impacts of temperature change on the morbidity and mortality rate of non-communicable diseases and on vulnerable groups like children and the elderly. The paper also introduces indirect effects of environmental change and crop yields on population health. As temperature rises, the incidence rate and spatial and temporal scales of communicable diseases increase. Heat wave or cold spell will increase the morbidity and mortality of different types of non-communicable diseases and cause negative impacts. Children, the elderly and other valnerable groups have a lower resistance to extreme weather, thus are prone to negative health effects when facing climate change. Climate change causes negative impacts on air, water and soil, which could bring harm to human health. Crop yield has a large fluctuation during the period of climate change, which needs more attention to study its impact on population nutritional intake. Finally, suggestions for further research in this field are provided, including health impacts besides diseases, research objects in different social and economic status, and impacts of urbanization from the perspective of research direction, and strengthening the empirical research, cross-disciplinary construction and strengthening study on theories and methods of intervention from the perspective of methodology.
出处
《科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第28期109-116,共8页
Science & Technology Review
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB5119001)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(09&ZD072)
北京大学研究生院才斋奖学金项目(CZ201316)
关键词
气候变化
人口
健康
climate change
population
health
