摘要
坡耕地是我国水土流失的重要策源地,也是农业面源污染重要污染源。坡地径流和溶质输出是水土流失及其面源污染的一个重要过程,也是坡地农业生态系统水和物质循环的一个重要过程。坡地水文过程和溶质迁移转化不仅是土壤学近期的重点研究内容,也是需解决的资源环境问题之一。文章从坡地降雨水文过程的地表径流、壤中流和地下径流的输出研究,壤中流模拟研究以及坡地降雨条件下土壤溶质运移模拟等3个方面总结了国内外坡地径流与溶质输出的相关研究结论。同时指出:(1)红壤坡地地表径流、壤中流和地下径流的输出特征及规律还有待进一步研究。(2)对于土壤溶质运移模拟研究,现有成果主要是研究径流和溶质在土壤中的垂向运移,而对其输出过程却很少研究,尤其是坡面径流和土壤溶质分层输出的耦合关系还没有深入的研究。(3)土壤溶质运移理论的研究亟需从封闭的室内土柱试验扩展到野外大田观测,以获取足够的数据资料来确切地描述溶质运移过程,使理论研究与生产实际问题联系得更紧密。(4)同位素方法应用、野外长期定位试验和模拟模型是未来坡地径流与溶质输出研究需加强的几个方面。
Cultivated slope land is an important source of water loss and soil erosion, and it is also an important agriculturalnon-point source pollution in China. Slope runoff and solute output are generally regarded as the important process regarding notonly soil and water loss and its non-point source pollution, but water and material cycle in the slope eco-agricultural system as well.The hydrological process and solute migration and transformation of slope soil is not only a key research content of soil science, isalso a resources environmental problem to solve. This study was conducted to summarize the conclusions made for the studies onslope runoff and solute output at home and abroad from three aspects concerning hydrological process of slope rainfall of the studyon output of surface runoff, interflow and subsurface runoff, the simulation study on interflow and soil solute migration. Finally, afurther study for the output characteristics and law of red-soil slope surface runoff, interflow and subsurface runoff was pointed out inthe paper. The existing studies have been mainly focused on the vertical migration of runoff and solute in the soil but rarely on theiroutput progress especially the coupling relationship between slope runoff and soil solute layered output. Hence, it is high time toconvert the enclosing indoor soil column experiments to the spacious wild field observations to obtain sufficient data to preciselyillustrate the solute migration process for the sake of the closer connection between theoretical research and practical problems inproduction. Stable isotopes method applying,long-term field positioning trial and Simulation model development need to bestrengthen in the future on slope runoff and solute output research.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第9期1551-1556,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41101266)
水利部公益性行业科研专项(201401051)
江西省水利科技重点项目(KT201310)
关键词
坡地径流
溶质
输出
slope runoff
solute
output
