摘要
明代中国保持着帝制政治体制,同时又已卷入全球性大变迁,经济、文化思想领域皆发生巨大变化。在此情况下,社会组织的方式与状态是否发生了新异性、不可逆转的变化,构成理解该时代中国社会体系特点的突出问题。在前贤研究基础上,文章尝试以社会地位与社会权利为基本尺度来透视明代社会分层体系,认为:从明初到明末,贵族、士绅、庶民、贱民四层等级的基本结构状况并没有结构性改变;社会分层体系中的人身依附性社会关系趋于强化而非松懈;社会流动主要在士绅与庶民两个层级内部及这两个层级之间发生;明代中国社会还相当完整地处于帝制体系提控之下。明代中国处在变与不变的复杂纠结之中,要理解这样的一种社会状态与演变趋势,还有许多复杂的理论和实证问题需要深入研究。
There is emperor regime in Ming Dynasty, which is involved in a global transformation concerning economic, cultural change. In this condition, the different, irreversible change in the pattern and state of social organization becomes the protruded issue in understanding the characteristics of Chinese social system. Based on previous study, this paper tries to explore into the class structure of Ming society according to social status and social right, believing that the basic structure of aristocracy, gentry, common people and people lower than the common does not change from early to the end of Ming Dynasty; the dependant relationship in the system becomes strengthened instead of loosened; the social mobility mainly appears between gentry class and common people; the society is completely under the control of emperor regime. Ming Dynasty is in the dilemma of change and unchanged and a lot of complicated theory and practice should be studied to understand this social condition and transforming trend.
出处
《求是学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第5期188-200,4,共13页
Seeking Truth
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目"15至19世纪世界变迁中的中国社会发展模式研究"
项目编号:09BZS004
关键词
明代
身份
社会分层
社会结构
Ming Dynasty
identity
social class
social structure
