摘要
在汉语史上,第二人称代词曾经是个庞大的家族,鼎盛时期家族成员多达10多个,而1750年至1850年的这个一百年间便处于这个鼎盛时段的末期,自1850年至1950年间的这个一百年,北京话第二人称代词系统就规模而言便开始式微,主要表现为家族成员锐减,由之前的10多个减缩为三四个。这在分处于三个时点的典型北京话文本《红楼梦》、《儿女英雄传》、《正红旗下》等中也得到了比较清晰的反映。《红楼梦》中第二人称代词有"你"、"你们"、"你等"等10个;创作于1850年前后的《儿女英雄传》中第二人称代词则有"你"、"你们"、"汝"、"尔"等11个;《正红旗下》中第二人称代词竟只有"你"、"你们"、"您"等3个。较之这种系统的演变更为细腻深刻因而也更需要关注的是第二人称代词系统中的一些重要个体在句法、语义、语用层面的发展演变。
There were many second person pronouns in history of Chinese language and they peak to more than 10 types in the heyday. Whereas the hundred years of 1750 to 1850 was in the late heyday, and the scale of the second person pronouns gradually declined from 1850 to 1950. Even more, the type of the second person pronouns slumped to 3 at the end of these two hundred years. This significant change was fully reflected in three books：A Dream in Red Mansions, Legend of Heroes and Under the Pure Red. The first book which was crea-ted in 1750 has 10 units：“Ni”（你）、“Nimen” （你们）、“Nideng” （你等） . The second book which was crea-ted around 1850 has 11 unites：“Ni”（你）、“Nimen” （你们）、 “Ru”（汝）、“Er” （尔） . But the last book which was created around 1950 only has 3 units：“Ni”（你）、“Nimen” （你们）、“Nin”（您） . Certainly, com-pared with the shift of system, some characteristic individual pronouns？ evolution in syntactic form, semantic content and pragmatic function deserves us to pay more attention to.
出处
《阅江学刊》
2014年第5期114-122,共9页
Yuejiang Academic Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"北京话虚词史(1750-1950)"(08BYY049)
关键词
近代汉语
北京话
第二人称代词
句法
语义和语用
历时嬗变
modern Chinese
Beijing dialect
the second person pronouns
syntactic form,semantic con-tent and pragmatic function
historical evolution
